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<p>The present study investigates the static response of homogenized piezoelectric (PE) composites comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix reinforced with piezoelectrically active material distributed within a Primitive Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) geometry, subjected to electric and mechanical loadings. The solution of each layer is expressed in terms of a cylindrical system of vector functions. The eigenvalue–eigenvector approach is utilized to obtain the layer solutions, while the Dual Variable and Position (DVP) method is employed to handle multilayered configurations efficiently. The results in the high-frequency physical domain are then obtained by applying appropriate boundary and interface conditions. For numerical investigations, CNT-doped PDMS matrices reinforced with a TPMS-based PE phase corresponding to the Primitive geometry are considered. In the absence of any agglomeration, the CNT volume fraction (VF) is set as 0.0%, 0.061%, and 0.602%, and the composites are referred to as NoAg-VF0, NoAg-VF0.061, and NoAg-VF0.602. On the other hand, two different levels of agglomeration, represented as ζ = 0.15 and 0.40, are considered. The CNT VFs at ζ = 0.15 are 0.07 and 0.693, while at ζ = 0.40, the CNT VFs are set as 0.09% and 0.891%. The composites so formed are referred to as Ag-VF0.07, Ag-VF0.693, Ag-VF0.09, and Ag-VF0.891. The TPMS-based PE phase is incorporated at VFs of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The results highlight the importance of microstructural optimization in designing advanced PE composites, with potential applications in geophysical sensors and large-scale devices.</p>

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Layered half-space modeling of piezoelectric TPMS-based CNT/PDMS composites under surface loadings

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Lotfi Ben Said,
  • Sonal Nirwal,
  • Wei-Chieh Liu,
  • Tae Hyun Sung,
  • Anuruddh Kumar,
  • Ajay Bhardwaj

摘要

The present study investigates the static response of homogenized piezoelectric (PE) composites comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix reinforced with piezoelectrically active material distributed within a Primitive Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) geometry, subjected to electric and mechanical loadings. The solution of each layer is expressed in terms of a cylindrical system of vector functions. The eigenvalue–eigenvector approach is utilized to obtain the layer solutions, while the Dual Variable and Position (DVP) method is employed to handle multilayered configurations efficiently. The results in the high-frequency physical domain are then obtained by applying appropriate boundary and interface conditions. For numerical investigations, CNT-doped PDMS matrices reinforced with a TPMS-based PE phase corresponding to the Primitive geometry are considered. In the absence of any agglomeration, the CNT volume fraction (VF) is set as 0.0%, 0.061%, and 0.602%, and the composites are referred to as NoAg-VF0, NoAg-VF0.061, and NoAg-VF0.602. On the other hand, two different levels of agglomeration, represented as ζ = 0.15 and 0.40, are considered. The CNT VFs at ζ = 0.15 are 0.07 and 0.693, while at ζ = 0.40, the CNT VFs are set as 0.09% and 0.891%. The composites so formed are referred to as Ag-VF0.07, Ag-VF0.693, Ag-VF0.09, and Ag-VF0.891. The TPMS-based PE phase is incorporated at VFs of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The results highlight the importance of microstructural optimization in designing advanced PE composites, with potential applications in geophysical sensors and large-scale devices.