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<p>Metal oxides-particularly MnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs)-have shown great promise due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as biocompatibility, catalytic activity, stimulus-responsiveness, Fenton-like reactivity, and enzyme-mimicking behavior. Nonetheless, applying MnO<sub>2</sub> NPs in vivo continues to raise concerns about their toxicity and biological impacts on organisms. In this study, MnO<sub>2</sub> NPs were synthesized via a simple one-pot method by directly mixing potassium permanganate (KMnO<sub>4</sub>) with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) until complete conversion was achieved, followed by characterization of their physical and chemical properties. The toxicity of MnO<sub>2</sub> NPs was observed by analyzing morphological changes, mortality rates, and gene expressions. The morphological development of zebrafish after being treated with MnO<sub>2</sub> NPs at concentrations of ≤ 0.1&#xa0;mg/mL indicated that the material was largely biocompatible with early zebrafish embryogenesis. Mortality data demonstrated that a low concentration (0.025&#xa0;mg/mL) of MnO<sub>2</sub> NPs was relatively safe, while higher doses (≤ 0.1&#xa0;mg/mL) may impair survival due to cumulative oxidative stress or related nanotoxicity effects. Meanwhile, a qPCR analysis revealed that at high MnO<sub>2</sub> NP concentrations, expressions of <i>sod1</i> and <i>sod2</i> increased, but <i>cat</i> and <i>gpx1</i> expressions remained relatively stable, indicating that MnO<sub>2</sub> NPs act directly as an H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> detoxification agent and maintain cell homeostasis without causing zebrafish death at low concentrations.</p>

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Evaluating the nanotoxicity and antioxidant pathway modulation of MnO2 nanoparticles in zebrafish

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Hanny Tika Draviana,
  • Istikhori Fitriannisa,
  • Sadang Husain,
  • Yu-Tai Chiou,
  • Tsung-Rong Kuo,
  • Chih-Yu Chen

摘要

Metal oxides-particularly MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs)-have shown great promise due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as biocompatibility, catalytic activity, stimulus-responsiveness, Fenton-like reactivity, and enzyme-mimicking behavior. Nonetheless, applying MnO2 NPs in vivo continues to raise concerns about their toxicity and biological impacts on organisms. In this study, MnO2 NPs were synthesized via a simple one-pot method by directly mixing potassium permanganate (KMnO4) with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) until complete conversion was achieved, followed by characterization of their physical and chemical properties. The toxicity of MnO2 NPs was observed by analyzing morphological changes, mortality rates, and gene expressions. The morphological development of zebrafish after being treated with MnO2 NPs at concentrations of ≤ 0.1 mg/mL indicated that the material was largely biocompatible with early zebrafish embryogenesis. Mortality data demonstrated that a low concentration (0.025 mg/mL) of MnO2 NPs was relatively safe, while higher doses (≤ 0.1 mg/mL) may impair survival due to cumulative oxidative stress or related nanotoxicity effects. Meanwhile, a qPCR analysis revealed that at high MnO2 NP concentrations, expressions of sod1 and sod2 increased, but cat and gpx1 expressions remained relatively stable, indicating that MnO2 NPs act directly as an H2O2 detoxification agent and maintain cell homeostasis without causing zebrafish death at low concentrations.