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<p>Motivated by the pronounced rheological behavior of warm and ice-rich frozen soils, we developed a specimen preparation method tailored to ice-rich materials. We conducted a series of triaxial creep tests on saturated frozen sand with 20% ice content and on ice-rich frozen sand with 67% ice content; comparative analyses revealed distinct differences in their creep responses. Building on poromechanics and a binary-medium framework, we propose a viscoelastic–plastic constitutive model for warm frozen soils that accounts for interactions among the soil skeleton, ice, and unfrozen water, as well as the progressive breakage of ice-cement bonds. Validation against experimental data demonstrates that the model accurately captures the creep behavior of warm frozen soils across a range of ice contents and stress levels.</p>

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Creep characteristics and poromechanics-based viscoelastic-plastic constitutive model of warm and ice-rich frozen sand

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Fulong Ma,
  • Jian Li,
  • Chunhui He,
  • Enlong Liu,
  • Haoran Zhou,
  • Wei Jin,
  • Yihui Zhong,
  • Gang Wu

摘要

Motivated by the pronounced rheological behavior of warm and ice-rich frozen soils, we developed a specimen preparation method tailored to ice-rich materials. We conducted a series of triaxial creep tests on saturated frozen sand with 20% ice content and on ice-rich frozen sand with 67% ice content; comparative analyses revealed distinct differences in their creep responses. Building on poromechanics and a binary-medium framework, we propose a viscoelastic–plastic constitutive model for warm frozen soils that accounts for interactions among the soil skeleton, ice, and unfrozen water, as well as the progressive breakage of ice-cement bonds. Validation against experimental data demonstrates that the model accurately captures the creep behavior of warm frozen soils across a range of ice contents and stress levels.