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<p>In the dream literature, the emotional continuity hypothesis postulates that emotions in dreams are a reflection of emotions experienced in waking life. However, while between-subject bivariate correlations have been extensively investigated, the trait factors across individuals as well as the state factors within individuals that account for night-to-night variation in dream affect have been understudied. In the present study, a multilevel analysis was applied to investigate the association of waking trait- and state-variables with night-to-night variation in dream emotions (<i>N</i> = 130 participants; mean age = 20.57 ± 3.09). Daily sleep quality significantly predicted positive emotions in dreams. In addition, within-subject variation in daily stress and sleep quality, as well as the trait sensory processing sensitivity, significantly predicted negative emotions in dreams. Together, our results highlight the involvement of both trait and state factors in dream emotions, but also bring into focus the differential association of these factors depending on the emotional valence experienced in dreams.</p>

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Trait and state predictors of the intensity of emotions experienced in everyday dreams: a multilevel approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Jess M. Williams,
  • Jessica Bourgin,
  • Jessica Varennes,
  • Marine Pedreni,
  • Melodie Bulinski,
  • Mark Blagrove,
  • Jean-Baptiste Eichenlaub

摘要

In the dream literature, the emotional continuity hypothesis postulates that emotions in dreams are a reflection of emotions experienced in waking life. However, while between-subject bivariate correlations have been extensively investigated, the trait factors across individuals as well as the state factors within individuals that account for night-to-night variation in dream affect have been understudied. In the present study, a multilevel analysis was applied to investigate the association of waking trait- and state-variables with night-to-night variation in dream emotions (N = 130 participants; mean age = 20.57 ± 3.09). Daily sleep quality significantly predicted positive emotions in dreams. In addition, within-subject variation in daily stress and sleep quality, as well as the trait sensory processing sensitivity, significantly predicted negative emotions in dreams. Together, our results highlight the involvement of both trait and state factors in dream emotions, but also bring into focus the differential association of these factors depending on the emotional valence experienced in dreams.