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<p>Citrus greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the bacterium <i>Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus</i> (<i>CLas)</i>, has a detrimental effect on plants and can be a factor in citrus decline, a major threat worldwide to the citrus industry. The reactions of different <i>C</i><i>itrus</i> species to post-HLB infection are still enigmatic. Therefore, nine prominent <i>C</i><i>i</i><i>trus</i> species (<i>Citrus reticulata</i>,<i> C. sinensis</i>,<i> C. limonia</i>,<i> C. karna</i>,<i> C. trifoliata</i>,<i> C. jambhiri</i>,<i> C. volkameriana</i>,<i> C. maxima</i>, and <i>C. latipes</i>) were studied in the field experiment to understand their physiological, biochemical, nutritional, and enzymatic responses to HLB infection. Based on the morphological appearance of the plants, the incidence of <i>CLas</i> was confirmed using gene-based DNA markers OI1/OI2c (1160&#xa0;bp) and A2/J5 (703&#xa0;bp). The result showed that HLB incidence ranged from 0 to 100% across different <i>C</i><i>i</i><i>tru</i><i>s</i> species (PCR-based). Interestingly, <i>C. latipes</i> showed no typical symptoms and tested negative by PCR. Contrastingly, the incidence in other species was 91.7% in <i>C. maxima</i>, 80.0% in <i>C. trifoliata</i>, and 100% in the remaining <i>cCitrus</i> species. The severity of the symptoms ranged from 61.08 ± 7.5% (<i>C. sinensis</i>) to 0.69 ± 0.2% (<i>C. latipes</i>). In the infected species, <i>C. trifoliata</i> and <i>C. maxima</i> recorded the least reduction in chlorophyll (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), nutrients, and enzyme activities. Comparative analysis revealed that the HLB-infected species exhibited lower Chl, Pn, gs, nutrient levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities. In contrast, potassium, protein, stress biomarkers (proline, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, MDA), and starch content were higher in the HLB-infected plants. Therefore, <i>C. latipes</i> and <i>C. trifoliata</i> are immune to HLB and can be utilised in breeding and as rootstocks for commercial citrus cultivars.</p>

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Differential responses of cCitrus species to Huanglongbing infection for physiological, biochemical, nutritional, bio-stress enzymes, and molecular markers

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Heiplanmi Rymbai,
  • Amrita Banerjee,
  • Veerendra Kumar Verma,
  • Pankaj Baiswar,
  • Joiedevivreson Mawlein

摘要

Citrus greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), has a detrimental effect on plants and can be a factor in citrus decline, a major threat worldwide to the citrus industry. The reactions of different Citrus species to post-HLB infection are still enigmatic. Therefore, nine prominent Citrus species (Citrus reticulata, C. sinensis, C. limonia, C. karna, C. trifoliata, C. jambhiri, C. volkameriana, C. maxima, and C. latipes) were studied in the field experiment to understand their physiological, biochemical, nutritional, and enzymatic responses to HLB infection. Based on the morphological appearance of the plants, the incidence of CLas was confirmed using gene-based DNA markers OI1/OI2c (1160 bp) and A2/J5 (703 bp). The result showed that HLB incidence ranged from 0 to 100% across different Citrus species (PCR-based). Interestingly, C. latipes showed no typical symptoms and tested negative by PCR. Contrastingly, the incidence in other species was 91.7% in C. maxima, 80.0% in C. trifoliata, and 100% in the remaining cCitrus species. The severity of the symptoms ranged from 61.08 ± 7.5% (C. sinensis) to 0.69 ± 0.2% (C. latipes). In the infected species, C. trifoliata and C. maxima recorded the least reduction in chlorophyll (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), nutrients, and enzyme activities. Comparative analysis revealed that the HLB-infected species exhibited lower Chl, Pn, gs, nutrient levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities. In contrast, potassium, protein, stress biomarkers (proline, H2O2, MDA), and starch content were higher in the HLB-infected plants. Therefore, C. latipes and C. trifoliata are immune to HLB and can be utilised in breeding and as rootstocks for commercial citrus cultivars.