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<p>Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) poses a major challenge to the identification of stable, high-yielding capsicum genotypes under heterogeneous agro-climatic conditions. The present study evaluated 96 diverse capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) genotypes across four staggered transplanting environments during 2022 and 2023 in the North-western Himalayas to dissect GEI for fruit yield and its component traits. Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) effects of genotype, environment, and GEI for all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability and differential environmental responses. AMMI analysis effectively partitioned interaction effects, with the first two interaction principal component axes (79–95%) explaining a large proportion of GEI for most traits. GGE biplot analysis provided clear visualization of genotype performance and stability. Genotypes G5 and G6 consistently exhibited superior marketable fruit yield with wide adaptability, while several genotypes showed specific adaptation to individual environments. The GGE biplot interpretation revealed that environment E3 was the most representative for selecting stable genotypes, while E2 demonstrated high discriminative ability among genotypes. The integrated AMMI-GGE approach facilitated the identification of promising genotypes under the evaluated environments at the study location, demonstrating its utility for stability assessment in capsicum.</p>

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Comprehensive evaluation of capsicum genotype-environment interactions utilizing AMMI and GGE biplot models across staggered transplanting environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Jasdeep Kaur,
  • Sonia Sood,
  • Nikhil Thakur

摘要

Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) poses a major challenge to the identification of stable, high-yielding capsicum genotypes under heterogeneous agro-climatic conditions. The present study evaluated 96 diverse capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes across four staggered transplanting environments during 2022 and 2023 in the North-western Himalayas to dissect GEI for fruit yield and its component traits. Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) effects of genotype, environment, and GEI for all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability and differential environmental responses. AMMI analysis effectively partitioned interaction effects, with the first two interaction principal component axes (79–95%) explaining a large proportion of GEI for most traits. GGE biplot analysis provided clear visualization of genotype performance and stability. Genotypes G5 and G6 consistently exhibited superior marketable fruit yield with wide adaptability, while several genotypes showed specific adaptation to individual environments. The GGE biplot interpretation revealed that environment E3 was the most representative for selecting stable genotypes, while E2 demonstrated high discriminative ability among genotypes. The integrated AMMI-GGE approach facilitated the identification of promising genotypes under the evaluated environments at the study location, demonstrating its utility for stability assessment in capsicum.