<p>The compounds present in yerba mate are related to the climatic, cultivation, and production factors. The study aimed to analyze the effects of production factors, environmental, and cropping systems on the elementary composition and physicochemical properties of yerba mate postharvest in the different regions of Southern Brazil. Among the factors evaluated are the age of the yerba mate plantation, shading, type of pruning, soil characteristics, use of fertilizers, and cleaning practices of the yerba mate plantation. The results indicated that the different cultivation and management conditions of yerba mate interconnected influenced its physical-chemical and elemental composition. The interactions between minerals such as Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, and V were predominantly positive. Yerba mate plantations over 21 years old presented the highest Aluminum and Arsenic contents. The color of yerba mate was mainly influenced by the green and yellow tones, varying according to the age of the yerba mate, the type of pruning, the use of fertilizers, and the cleanliness of the cultivation area. However, the caffeine and saponin content stood out, presenting variations in all conditions analyzed. The postharvest quality of yerba mate was closely related to agricultural practices and specific environmental conditions, mainly the age of the yerba mate and the type of pruning.</p>