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<p>A soft-anchored titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) mesh implantable device was designed and morphologically characterised in an <i>in vitro</i> study. The mesh implant consists of a titanium mesh aimed at preserving continence and improving the quality of life for patients with a stoma. Titanium alloys are widely used in implantable devices such as knee and dental prosthetics; however, soft-anchored or percutaneous implant options remain limited. Surface roughness is known to influence cell adhesion and proliferation; thus, three titanium samples were produced with different surface finishes: non-polished (NP), matte polished (MaP), and mirror polished (MiP). Comparative analyses were conducted via cell metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and immunocytochemistry assays with adult normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). No significant difference in NHDF metabolic activity was observed (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt; 0.8845\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), and the cytotoxicity results revealed no toxicity (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt; 0.9999\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) between the surfaces. Collagen type I expression was 568.86 ± 88.12, 433.26 ± 147.02, and 681.52 ± 86.14 <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu m^2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for NP, MaP, and MiP, respectively, whereas it was 544.54 ± 110.69 <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu m^2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the controls (<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt; 0.2193\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). Fibronectin-positive areas were 438.24 ± 109.05, 336.97 ± 80.22, and 311.62 ± 88.66 <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu m^2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for NP, MaP, and MiP, respectively, while they were 318.82 ± 52.56 <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu m^2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for the controls (<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt; 0.0507\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). The results indicate that surface roughness (Ra) did not significantly affect cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, or ECM protein expression. Thus, under these <i>in vitro</i> conditions, we observed no detectable detrimental effect of surface roughness on fibroblast metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, or ECM protein expression, suggesting that extensive polishing steps may not be essential for achieving cytocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V mesh components in devices designed for stoma patients, although further preclinical studies are required before any clinical recommendations can be made.</p>

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Evaluation of surface roughness of titanium implants on human fibroblast cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Maleeha Al Hamadani,
  • Arshiya Banu,
  • Karolina Wieczorek,
  • Carlo Seneci,
  • Hassna Irzan,
  • Luis C. Garcia-Peraza-Herrera,
  • Devy F. Garna,
  • Samantha Ya Terry,
  • Lucy Di-Silvio,
  • Prashant Jha,
  • Sebastien Ourselin

摘要

A soft-anchored titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) mesh implantable device was designed and morphologically characterised in an in vitro study. The mesh implant consists of a titanium mesh aimed at preserving continence and improving the quality of life for patients with a stoma. Titanium alloys are widely used in implantable devices such as knee and dental prosthetics; however, soft-anchored or percutaneous implant options remain limited. Surface roughness is known to influence cell adhesion and proliferation; thus, three titanium samples were produced with different surface finishes: non-polished (NP), matte polished (MaP), and mirror polished (MiP). Comparative analyses were conducted via cell metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and immunocytochemistry assays with adult normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). No significant difference in NHDF metabolic activity was observed ( \(p> 0.8845\) ), and the cytotoxicity results revealed no toxicity ( \(p> 0.9999\) ) between the surfaces. Collagen type I expression was 568.86 ± 88.12, 433.26 ± 147.02, and 681.52 ± 86.14 \(\mu m^2\) for NP, MaP, and MiP, respectively, whereas it was 544.54 ± 110.69 \(\mu m^2\) in the controls ( \(p> 0.2193\) ). Fibronectin-positive areas were 438.24 ± 109.05, 336.97 ± 80.22, and 311.62 ± 88.66 \(\mu m^2\) for NP, MaP, and MiP, respectively, while they were 318.82 ± 52.56 \(\mu m^2\) for the controls ( \(p> 0.0507\) ). The results indicate that surface roughness (Ra) did not significantly affect cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, or ECM protein expression. Thus, under these in vitro conditions, we observed no detectable detrimental effect of surface roughness on fibroblast metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, or ECM protein expression, suggesting that extensive polishing steps may not be essential for achieving cytocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V mesh components in devices designed for stoma patients, although further preclinical studies are required before any clinical recommendations can be made.