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<p>The integration of on-site data with optimized remediation activities provides technical and administrative support for advancing green and sustainable remediation (GSR). This study quantified the environmental impacts of remediating a chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated site using three technologies: in-situ chemical oxidation/reduction (ICOR), in-situ thermal desorption (ISTD), and ex-situ desorption (ED), assessed with the Spreadsheet for Environmental Footprint Assessment (SEFA) and SiteWise™ tools. The project generated 100.02 t of air pollutant, 15,936.29 t CO<sub>2</sub> eq of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and required 8.085 × 10<sup>7</sup> MJ of energy and 1.1 × 106&#xa0;L of water. Energy use and GHG emissions were highest for ISTD and lowest for ED, with ICOR showing intermediate values. Per cubic meter of treated soil, energy use and GHG emissions were 607.06 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> and 138.80&#xa0;kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/m<sup>3</sup> for ISTD, 289.40 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> and 31.35&#xa0;kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/m<sup>3</sup> for ED, and 315.28 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> and 42.44&#xa0;kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/m<sup>3</sup> for ICOR. When normalized per unit pollutant removed, ISTD showed higher efficiency than ED and ICOR. Major contributors to energy use and GHG emissions included heating process in ISTD, barriers materials in ICOR, and remediation materials in ED and ICOR. Optimization measures include adding lateral insulation, adopting precision and moderate remediation schemes, and using renewable energy.</p>

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Comparing environmental impacts: in situ thermal desorption, in situ chemical oxidation/reduction, and ex situ desorption for chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated site

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Peng Liu,
  • Xin Li,
  • Meng Xiao,
  • Xintong Yang,
  • Xianglan Li,
  • Hongzhen Zhang

摘要

The integration of on-site data with optimized remediation activities provides technical and administrative support for advancing green and sustainable remediation (GSR). This study quantified the environmental impacts of remediating a chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated site using three technologies: in-situ chemical oxidation/reduction (ICOR), in-situ thermal desorption (ISTD), and ex-situ desorption (ED), assessed with the Spreadsheet for Environmental Footprint Assessment (SEFA) and SiteWise™ tools. The project generated 100.02 t of air pollutant, 15,936.29 t CO2 eq of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and required 8.085 × 107 MJ of energy and 1.1 × 106 L of water. Energy use and GHG emissions were highest for ISTD and lowest for ED, with ICOR showing intermediate values. Per cubic meter of treated soil, energy use and GHG emissions were 607.06 MJ/m3 and 138.80 kg CO2 eq/m3 for ISTD, 289.40 MJ/m3 and 31.35 kg CO2 eq/m3 for ED, and 315.28 MJ/m3 and 42.44 kg CO2 eq/m3 for ICOR. When normalized per unit pollutant removed, ISTD showed higher efficiency than ED and ICOR. Major contributors to energy use and GHG emissions included heating process in ISTD, barriers materials in ICOR, and remediation materials in ED and ICOR. Optimization measures include adding lateral insulation, adopting precision and moderate remediation schemes, and using renewable energy.