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<p>Diarrhea in suckling piglets is a major challenge in the farrowing units. Although inorganic zinc has been widely used to control this condition, excessive use raises environmental and public health concerns, driving interest in organic zinc sources. This study evaluated the effects of maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc during late gestation and lactation on piglet body weight, diarrhea incidence, and gut microbiota. Thirty-six crossbred sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned to a standard diet (Control; <i>n</i> = 18) or a standard diet supplemented with 1&#xa0;g/sow/day bis-glycinate bound zinc (Zn; <i>n</i> = 18) from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Gut microbiota was determined by 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing of 180 fecal samples: 90 from sows on day 109 of gestation and on days 3 and 21 of lactation (<i>n</i> = 15/group/timepoint) and 90 from corresponding piglets on day 3, 10, and 21 of age (<i>n</i> = 15/group/timepoint). Litter size, litter weight, and average piglet body weight were recorded at birth and on days 1, 3, 10, and 21 of age. The incidence of diarrhea in piglets was assessed on days 3, 10, and 21 of age. The average number of piglets alive at birth and on day 21 of age was 13.4 ± 2.2 and 11.8 ± 2.0 piglets/litter, respectively. Maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc supplementation did not affect piglet body weight but reduced diarrhea incidence, particularly on day 21 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Moreover, Zn-supplemented sows exhibited a lower Chao1 index on day 21, and higher both Inverse Simpson and Shannon indices on days 3 and 21, indicating improved gut microbial stability. At the phylum level, Zn-supplemented sows showed lower <i>Firmicutes</i> and higher <i>Bacteroidetes</i> on days 3 and 21. Piglets nursed by Zn-supplemented sows had greater abundances of <i>f_Ruminococcaceae</i> and <i>f_Enterobacteriaceae</i> on day 3 and lower <i>Spirochaetes</i> on day 21. The overall gut microbiota shifts in both sows and piglets were associated with early-life piglet body weight. In conclusion, maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc supplementation during late gestation and lactation enhanced sow gut microbial stability, modulated gut microbiota in both sows and piglets, and reduced pre-weaning diarrhea.</p>

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Bis-glycinate bound zinc supplementation in sows modulates sows and piglets gut microbiota and reduces piglet diarrhea incidence

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Naraporn Somboonna,
  • Jakavat Ruampatana,
  • Pakkawan Kamolklang,
  • Unchean Yamsrikaew,
  • Morakot Nuntapaitoon

摘要

Diarrhea in suckling piglets is a major challenge in the farrowing units. Although inorganic zinc has been widely used to control this condition, excessive use raises environmental and public health concerns, driving interest in organic zinc sources. This study evaluated the effects of maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc during late gestation and lactation on piglet body weight, diarrhea incidence, and gut microbiota. Thirty-six crossbred sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned to a standard diet (Control; n = 18) or a standard diet supplemented with 1 g/sow/day bis-glycinate bound zinc (Zn; n = 18) from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Gut microbiota was determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing of 180 fecal samples: 90 from sows on day 109 of gestation and on days 3 and 21 of lactation (n = 15/group/timepoint) and 90 from corresponding piglets on day 3, 10, and 21 of age (n = 15/group/timepoint). Litter size, litter weight, and average piglet body weight were recorded at birth and on days 1, 3, 10, and 21 of age. The incidence of diarrhea in piglets was assessed on days 3, 10, and 21 of age. The average number of piglets alive at birth and on day 21 of age was 13.4 ± 2.2 and 11.8 ± 2.0 piglets/litter, respectively. Maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc supplementation did not affect piglet body weight but reduced diarrhea incidence, particularly on day 21 (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, Zn-supplemented sows exhibited a lower Chao1 index on day 21, and higher both Inverse Simpson and Shannon indices on days 3 and 21, indicating improved gut microbial stability. At the phylum level, Zn-supplemented sows showed lower Firmicutes and higher Bacteroidetes on days 3 and 21. Piglets nursed by Zn-supplemented sows had greater abundances of f_Ruminococcaceae and f_Enterobacteriaceae on day 3 and lower Spirochaetes on day 21. The overall gut microbiota shifts in both sows and piglets were associated with early-life piglet body weight. In conclusion, maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc supplementation during late gestation and lactation enhanced sow gut microbial stability, modulated gut microbiota in both sows and piglets, and reduced pre-weaning diarrhea.