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<p>In this study, single-phase nanoparticles (ZnO, Mg-ZnO (M-Z), TiO<sub>2</sub>) and multiphase nanocomposite (M-Z/TiO<sub>2</sub> (M-ZT), M-Z/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Bentonite (M-ZTB)), were synthesized via a green method using <i>Hagenia abyssinica</i> (<i>H. abyssinica</i>) leaf extract. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the formation of a stable heterostructure with superior physicochemical properties, including a small crystallite size (22.98&#xa0;nm) and a narrowed optical bandgap (2.95&#xa0;eV), enabling efficient visible-light-driven applications. Under optimal conditions (pH 9, 15&#xa0;mg catalyst dose, 15 ppm methylene blue (MB), the M-ZTB nanocomposite achieved 96% dye degradation following pseudo-first-order kinetics (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.99) and maintained over 94% efficiency after four reuse cycles, demonstrating excellent structural stability. The M-ZTB nanocomposite exhibited strong antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) bacteria, producing inhibition zones of 22.7&#xa0;mm and 22.2&#xa0;mm, respectively, at a concentration of 100&#xa0;µg/mL. It also demonstrated very low Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values, with MIC/MBC of 0.813 and 1.625&#xa0;µg/mL for S. aureus, and 1.625 and 3.125&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>E. coli</i>, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial performance is attributed to synergistic effects among the Mg–ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction and bentonite support, promoting effective charge separation, surface reactivity, and metal ion release.</p>

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Phyto-mediated synthesis of M-ZT/bentonite nanocomposite using Hagenia abyssinica for synergistic photocatalytic and antimicrobial efficacy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Dawit Darcha Ganta,
  • Sisay Geda Bekele,
  • Gemechu Deressa Edossa,
  • Tegene Desalegn Zeleke,
  • Enyew Amare Zereffa

摘要

In this study, single-phase nanoparticles (ZnO, Mg-ZnO (M-Z), TiO2) and multiphase nanocomposite (M-Z/TiO2 (M-ZT), M-Z/TiO2/Bentonite (M-ZTB)), were synthesized via a green method using Hagenia abyssinica (H. abyssinica) leaf extract. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the formation of a stable heterostructure with superior physicochemical properties, including a small crystallite size (22.98 nm) and a narrowed optical bandgap (2.95 eV), enabling efficient visible-light-driven applications. Under optimal conditions (pH 9, 15 mg catalyst dose, 15 ppm methylene blue (MB), the M-ZTB nanocomposite achieved 96% dye degradation following pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2 > 0.99) and maintained over 94% efficiency after four reuse cycles, demonstrating excellent structural stability. The M-ZTB nanocomposite exhibited strong antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, producing inhibition zones of 22.7 mm and 22.2 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. It also demonstrated very low Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values, with MIC/MBC of 0.813 and 1.625 µg/mL for S. aureus, and 1.625 and 3.125 µg/mL for E. coli, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial performance is attributed to synergistic effects among the Mg–ZnO/TiO2 heterojunction and bentonite support, promoting effective charge separation, surface reactivity, and metal ion release.