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<p>The most basic approach to confining electromagnetic waves is to place mirrors along their path, yet achieving confinement without conventional mirrors remains a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and numerically an open-geometry cavity that enables electromagnetic field confinement without physical mirrors. This mirrorless confinement arises from a mode gap induced by incompatible boundary conditions at the interface between perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) parallel-plate waveguides. By employing a metallic-groove artificial magnetic conductor to emulate PMC behavior, we realize open PEC–PMC cavities that exhibit strong field localization and an enhanced magnetic-dipole Purcell factor. Waveguide-coupling simulations reveal a sharp transmission resonance with a quality factor of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q \sim 10^2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, even in the presence of realistic Ohmic and dielectric losses. These mirrorless open cavities remove the physical boundaries imposed by conventional mirrors, allowing atoms, molecules, quantum dots, and biological nanoparticles to freely access and strongly couple to confined modes, thereby providing a versatile platform for exploring electromagnetic-wave phenomena in open geometries.</p>

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Mirrorless open cavities enabled by boundary incompatibility between perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor parallel-plate waveguides

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月20日

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  • Seong-Han Kim,
  • Chul-Sik Kee

摘要

The most basic approach to confining electromagnetic waves is to place mirrors along their path, yet achieving confinement without conventional mirrors remains a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and numerically an open-geometry cavity that enables electromagnetic field confinement without physical mirrors. This mirrorless confinement arises from a mode gap induced by incompatible boundary conditions at the interface between perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) parallel-plate waveguides. By employing a metallic-groove artificial magnetic conductor to emulate PMC behavior, we realize open PEC–PMC cavities that exhibit strong field localization and an enhanced magnetic-dipole Purcell factor. Waveguide-coupling simulations reveal a sharp transmission resonance with a quality factor of \(Q \sim 10^2\) , even in the presence of realistic Ohmic and dielectric losses. These mirrorless open cavities remove the physical boundaries imposed by conventional mirrors, allowing atoms, molecules, quantum dots, and biological nanoparticles to freely access and strongly couple to confined modes, thereby providing a versatile platform for exploring electromagnetic-wave phenomena in open geometries.