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<p>Urban trees and air quality play a pivotal role in shaping the well-being of communities. This health impact assessment study aimed to quantify the mortality impacts of meeting the 3-30-300 greenness rule and the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines in Bari, Southern Italy. Population weighted exposures to greenness were calculated in 2013–15 using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index at 30&#xa0;m resolution within a 300&#xa0;m radius buffer from homes. Population weighted exposures to air pollution were estimated using a combination of atmospheric chemical transportation models and machine learning models at 200&#xa0;m resolution. Potentially 4–5% of all annual deaths could be avoided by achieving an estimated 30% tree canopy cover, and 11–13% of deaths by achieving the WHO air quality guidelines when combined reduction of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> is considered. The total estimated avoidable deaths in three years are 423 (95% confidence interval: 317;633) and 1,159 (95% CI: 553;1,730), respectively. Hence the importance of greening cities and reducing air pollution to lower mortality rates, while promoting sustainable, pleasant, and healthy conditions.</p>

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The mortality impacts of implementing the 3-30-300 greenness rule and the WHO air quality guidelines in Bari, Southern Italy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Orazio Valerio Giannico,
  • Anna Maria Nannavecchia,
  • Massimo Stafoggia,
  • Lucia Bisceglia

摘要

Urban trees and air quality play a pivotal role in shaping the well-being of communities. This health impact assessment study aimed to quantify the mortality impacts of meeting the 3-30-300 greenness rule and the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines in Bari, Southern Italy. Population weighted exposures to greenness were calculated in 2013–15 using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index at 30 m resolution within a 300 m radius buffer from homes. Population weighted exposures to air pollution were estimated using a combination of atmospheric chemical transportation models and machine learning models at 200 m resolution. Potentially 4–5% of all annual deaths could be avoided by achieving an estimated 30% tree canopy cover, and 11–13% of deaths by achieving the WHO air quality guidelines when combined reduction of PM2.5 and NO2 is considered. The total estimated avoidable deaths in three years are 423 (95% confidence interval: 317;633) and 1,159 (95% CI: 553;1,730), respectively. Hence the importance of greening cities and reducing air pollution to lower mortality rates, while promoting sustainable, pleasant, and healthy conditions.