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<p>Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with a range of neurological and allergic conditions. Whether such an association exists in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) has not been clarified. This study aimed to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations between patients with MCS and healthy controls. We conducted a case–control study including 80 patients with physician-diagnosed MCS and 5,518 controls. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared using a general linear model with bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap resampling (1,000 iterations), adjusting for age, sex, season of blood collection, smoking status, body mass index, alcohol intake, and physical activity. Vitamin D deficiency (&lt; 20 ng/mL) was highly prevalent in both groups (78.8% in MCS vs. 75.3% in controls). Median serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not differ significantly between groups (14.6 vs. 15.6 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.622). Adjusted analyses confirmed no statistically significant difference (adjusted difference = 1.07 ng/mL, 95% CI: −0.18 to 2.46, <i>p</i> = 0.119). Despite the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, patients with MCS did not differ significantly from controls in serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Although serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not differ significantly between groups, the findings do not exclude a mechanistic role of vitamin D. Local dysregulation of vitamin D receptor signaling or tissue-specific activation may contribute to neuroimmune sensitization in MCS, highlighting the need for system-level investigations.</p>

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Comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between patients with multiple chemical sensitivity and healthy controls: A case–control study

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Kentaro Watai,
  • Sae Ochi,
  • Tomokazu Matsuura,
  • Kenichi Azuma

摘要

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with a range of neurological and allergic conditions. Whether such an association exists in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) has not been clarified. This study aimed to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations between patients with MCS and healthy controls. We conducted a case–control study including 80 patients with physician-diagnosed MCS and 5,518 controls. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared using a general linear model with bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap resampling (1,000 iterations), adjusting for age, sex, season of blood collection, smoking status, body mass index, alcohol intake, and physical activity. Vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was highly prevalent in both groups (78.8% in MCS vs. 75.3% in controls). Median serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not differ significantly between groups (14.6 vs. 15.6 ng/mL, p = 0.622). Adjusted analyses confirmed no statistically significant difference (adjusted difference = 1.07 ng/mL, 95% CI: −0.18 to 2.46, p = 0.119). Despite the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, patients with MCS did not differ significantly from controls in serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Although serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not differ significantly between groups, the findings do not exclude a mechanistic role of vitamin D. Local dysregulation of vitamin D receptor signaling or tissue-specific activation may contribute to neuroimmune sensitization in MCS, highlighting the need for system-level investigations.