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<p>The dual pressures of climate change and industrial water scarcity demand integrated solutions that jointly decarbonize power supply and reduce freshwater dependency. This study presents a site-specific, techno-enviroeconomic and life-cycle evaluation of a closed-loop Solar–Green Hydrogen Hybrid System (SGHHS) co-located with Gul Ahmed Textiles in Karachi, Pakistan, integrating 22.75&#xa0;MW solar PV, a 2.25&#xa0;MW PEM electrolyser, 450&#xa0;kg hydrogen storage, and a 1&#xa0;MW PEM fuel cell to deliver dispatchable, round-the-clock clean electricity under reduced nighttime demand. Unlike most SGHHS studies that assume freshwater inputs and decouple water treatment from system economics, this work quantifies an integrated wastewater-to-ultrapure-water loop (MBR→RO→DI) with fuel-cell condensate recovery within a unified TEA–LCA framework. A novel configuration treats 4,050&#xa0;L/day of textile effluent to produce PEM-compatible ultrapure water while recovering and recirculating clean water for reuse within the facility, leveraging a broader on-site effluent availability of ~ 400,000&#xa0;L/day. Over a 25-year project horizon, the integrated water loop reduces the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) from USD 0.10/kWh to USD 0.0866/kWh through avoided freshwater procurement and effluent-management costs. Life-cycle assessment indicates the potential to avoid over 157,000 metric tons of CO₂-equivalent emissions. The proposed framework supports multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and provides a replicable, data-driven pathway for circular water–energy integration and industrial decarbonization in semi-arid, resource-constrained regions.</p>

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Integrated techno-enviroeconomic and life-cycle assessment of a solar–green hydrogen hybrid system with industrial wastewater reuse

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Irtaza Bashir Raja,
  • Yasir Ahmad,
  • Tariq Feroze,
  • Mahwish Irtaza Choudhry,
  • Muhammad Usman,
  • Bekir Genc

摘要

The dual pressures of climate change and industrial water scarcity demand integrated solutions that jointly decarbonize power supply and reduce freshwater dependency. This study presents a site-specific, techno-enviroeconomic and life-cycle evaluation of a closed-loop Solar–Green Hydrogen Hybrid System (SGHHS) co-located with Gul Ahmed Textiles in Karachi, Pakistan, integrating 22.75 MW solar PV, a 2.25 MW PEM electrolyser, 450 kg hydrogen storage, and a 1 MW PEM fuel cell to deliver dispatchable, round-the-clock clean electricity under reduced nighttime demand. Unlike most SGHHS studies that assume freshwater inputs and decouple water treatment from system economics, this work quantifies an integrated wastewater-to-ultrapure-water loop (MBR→RO→DI) with fuel-cell condensate recovery within a unified TEA–LCA framework. A novel configuration treats 4,050 L/day of textile effluent to produce PEM-compatible ultrapure water while recovering and recirculating clean water for reuse within the facility, leveraging a broader on-site effluent availability of ~ 400,000 L/day. Over a 25-year project horizon, the integrated water loop reduces the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) from USD 0.10/kWh to USD 0.0866/kWh through avoided freshwater procurement and effluent-management costs. Life-cycle assessment indicates the potential to avoid over 157,000 metric tons of CO₂-equivalent emissions. The proposed framework supports multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and provides a replicable, data-driven pathway for circular water–energy integration and industrial decarbonization in semi-arid, resource-constrained regions.