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<p>Composites are increasingly employed in aerospace, automotive, construction, sports, and defense industries owing to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and customizable properties. This study focuses on sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites with sawdust fillers from three Ethiopian hardwood species: Aningeria (Kerero), Cordia Africana (Wanza), and Cedar (Tid). Using Taguchi design of experiments (L9 orthogonal array), nine composite samples were fabricated by the hand lay-up method with fiber orientations of 0/90°, 0/45°, and random. Mechanical (flexural, compression, impact), tribological (wear), physical (water absorption), and morphological (SEM) properties were systematically evaluated. Results revealed that Aningeria sawdust composites with 0/90° fiber orientation and 10 wt% filler exhibited the highest flexural strength (90.08&#xa0;MPa), superior impact strength (78.4&#xa0;kJ/m<sup>2</sup>), and lowest water absorption (0.53% after 72&#xa0;h). Cordia Africana sawdust composites with 0/90° orientation and 20 wt% filler demonstrated the highest compressive strength (87.97&#xa0;MPa) and optimal wear resistance (18&#xa0;μm). Statistical analysis identified fiber orientation as the most significant factor (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), contributing 73.27% to flexural strength and 90.12% to wear resistance. The study demonstrates that sisal fiber composites reinforced with locally available sawdust fillers provide an eco-friendly alternative to conventional synthetic composites, with promising applications in structural and defense components where balanced mechanical performance and sustainability are required.</p>

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Mechanical, tribological, and physical performance of sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites filled with Aningeria, Cordia Africana, and Cedar Sawdust

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月15日

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  • Jemanesh Girma Abay,
  • Besufekad Negash Fetene,
  • Gadisa Sufe

摘要

Composites are increasingly employed in aerospace, automotive, construction, sports, and defense industries owing to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and customizable properties. This study focuses on sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites with sawdust fillers from three Ethiopian hardwood species: Aningeria (Kerero), Cordia Africana (Wanza), and Cedar (Tid). Using Taguchi design of experiments (L9 orthogonal array), nine composite samples were fabricated by the hand lay-up method with fiber orientations of 0/90°, 0/45°, and random. Mechanical (flexural, compression, impact), tribological (wear), physical (water absorption), and morphological (SEM) properties were systematically evaluated. Results revealed that Aningeria sawdust composites with 0/90° fiber orientation and 10 wt% filler exhibited the highest flexural strength (90.08 MPa), superior impact strength (78.4 kJ/m2), and lowest water absorption (0.53% after 72 h). Cordia Africana sawdust composites with 0/90° orientation and 20 wt% filler demonstrated the highest compressive strength (87.97 MPa) and optimal wear resistance (18 μm). Statistical analysis identified fiber orientation as the most significant factor (p < 0.05), contributing 73.27% to flexural strength and 90.12% to wear resistance. The study demonstrates that sisal fiber composites reinforced with locally available sawdust fillers provide an eco-friendly alternative to conventional synthetic composites, with promising applications in structural and defense components where balanced mechanical performance and sustainability are required.