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<p>Recent advancements in treatment technologies have emphasized the importance of innovative methods for pollutant removal. Among these, sonocatalysis has gained attention for its potential to enhance degradation processes. In this context, the synthetic azo dye Orange-G (OG) is sonocatalytically degraded using potassium persulfate (KPS) under ultrasound (US) irradiation at 213&#xa0;kHz. This study aimed to achieve complete mineralization of OG in an aqueous solution and examined the effects of several operational factors, including pH, dye concentration, catalyst dose, and energy input, on the degradation efficiency. The degradation percentages observed for dye concentrations of 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm were as follows: 98.88% degradation after 90&#xa0;min for 10 ppm, 97.87% after 90&#xa0;min for 25 ppm, 97.71% after 360&#xa0;min for 50 ppm, 97.61% after 420&#xa0;min for 75 ppm, and 96.19% after 360&#xa0;min for 100 ppm. These results indicate that the reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, where the dye concentration is inversely proportional to the rate constant. COD measurements indicated significant mineralization, achieving over 96% degradation at both low and high dye concentrations, with 98% at higher energy input. The study also evaluated the minimal impact of other electrolytes, such as MgSO<sub>4</sub>, KCl, and NaCl, on dye degradation. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of US-assisted sono-catalysis with KPS for treating dye-contaminated wastewater, thereby enhancing environmental cleanup. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of sono-catalytic degradation using potassium persulfate and ultrasound irradiation for the removal of the azo dye Orange-G from aqueous solutions. The results indicate that achieving over 95% degradation across various dye concentrations showcases the potential of this method for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the minimal impact of other electrolytes indicates the robustness of the technique. Overall, these findings highlight sono-catalysis as a promising strategy for the environmental remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater.</p>

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Mechanistic insights and by-product analysis in sonocatalytic degradation of Orange-G dye molecule via potassium persulfate

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月20日

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  • Bhavani R,
  • Vasvini Mary D,
  • Rubesh Ashok Kumar S,
  • Suganya Josephine G A,
  • Mohanraj Kumar,
  • Mohd Shkir,
  • Sambasivam Sangaraju

摘要

Recent advancements in treatment technologies have emphasized the importance of innovative methods for pollutant removal. Among these, sonocatalysis has gained attention for its potential to enhance degradation processes. In this context, the synthetic azo dye Orange-G (OG) is sonocatalytically degraded using potassium persulfate (KPS) under ultrasound (US) irradiation at 213 kHz. This study aimed to achieve complete mineralization of OG in an aqueous solution and examined the effects of several operational factors, including pH, dye concentration, catalyst dose, and energy input, on the degradation efficiency. The degradation percentages observed for dye concentrations of 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm were as follows: 98.88% degradation after 90 min for 10 ppm, 97.87% after 90 min for 25 ppm, 97.71% after 360 min for 50 ppm, 97.61% after 420 min for 75 ppm, and 96.19% after 360 min for 100 ppm. These results indicate that the reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, where the dye concentration is inversely proportional to the rate constant. COD measurements indicated significant mineralization, achieving over 96% degradation at both low and high dye concentrations, with 98% at higher energy input. The study also evaluated the minimal impact of other electrolytes, such as MgSO4, KCl, and NaCl, on dye degradation. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of US-assisted sono-catalysis with KPS for treating dye-contaminated wastewater, thereby enhancing environmental cleanup. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of sono-catalytic degradation using potassium persulfate and ultrasound irradiation for the removal of the azo dye Orange-G from aqueous solutions. The results indicate that achieving over 95% degradation across various dye concentrations showcases the potential of this method for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the minimal impact of other electrolytes indicates the robustness of the technique. Overall, these findings highlight sono-catalysis as a promising strategy for the environmental remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater.