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<p>We analytically derive the exact—though formal—master equation for a two-level quantum system (qubit) interacting with a bosonic environment within the rotating-wave approximation. Assuming that the environment is initially in an arbitrary thermal state, the long-time behavior of the evolution operator governing the dynamics of both the system and the environment is analyzed, and the conditions under which the system approaches thermal equilibrium are examined.</p>

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Quantum dynamics, master equation and equilibrium for a qubit coupled to a thermal boson field

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Hiromichi Nakazato,
  • Saverio Pascazio

摘要

We analytically derive the exact—though formal—master equation for a two-level quantum system (qubit) interacting with a bosonic environment within the rotating-wave approximation. Assuming that the environment is initially in an arbitrary thermal state, the long-time behavior of the evolution operator governing the dynamics of both the system and the environment is analyzed, and the conditions under which the system approaches thermal equilibrium are examined.