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<p>This work presents a novel outdoor experimental evaluation of a thermal performance of solar flat plate collector employing water-based alumina (Al₂O₃) nanofluids and a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs)–Al₂O₃ (50:50) hybrid nanofluid as working fluids. Experiments were conducted under real solar conditions (9:00–15:00&#xa0;h) at nanoparticle concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 vol% to examine heat transfer coefficient, thermal efficiency, and exergy performance. Results reveal that the hybrid nanofluid exhibited consistent superiority over mono-nanofluids and water, achieving a maximum heat transfer coefficient of 357.4&#xa0;W/m²K at 0.5 vol%. At a peak solar irradiance of 1065&#xa0;W/m<sup>2</sup>, the 0.5 vol% hybrid nanofluid delivered a thermal efficiency of 83.9%. Exergy efficiency reached 3.0% at 1065&#xa0;W/m² for 0.5 vol% hybrid nanofluid which is more than double that of water. These results demonstrate the synergistic advantage of hybrid nanofluids under real operating conditions, establishing their potential as high-performance working fluids for advanced solar thermal collectors.</p>

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Experimental investigation of solar collector efficiency enhancement using surfactant stabilized MWCNT and Al₂O₃ hybrid nanofluid

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Praveen Kumar Kanti,
  • H. B. Marulasiddeshi,
  • Nejla Mahjoub Said,
  • V. Vicki Wanatasanappan,
  • Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida,
  • Taha Abdella Geda

摘要

This work presents a novel outdoor experimental evaluation of a thermal performance of solar flat plate collector employing water-based alumina (Al₂O₃) nanofluids and a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs)–Al₂O₃ (50:50) hybrid nanofluid as working fluids. Experiments were conducted under real solar conditions (9:00–15:00 h) at nanoparticle concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 vol% to examine heat transfer coefficient, thermal efficiency, and exergy performance. Results reveal that the hybrid nanofluid exhibited consistent superiority over mono-nanofluids and water, achieving a maximum heat transfer coefficient of 357.4 W/m²K at 0.5 vol%. At a peak solar irradiance of 1065 W/m2, the 0.5 vol% hybrid nanofluid delivered a thermal efficiency of 83.9%. Exergy efficiency reached 3.0% at 1065 W/m² for 0.5 vol% hybrid nanofluid which is more than double that of water. These results demonstrate the synergistic advantage of hybrid nanofluids under real operating conditions, establishing their potential as high-performance working fluids for advanced solar thermal collectors.