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<p>Graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes are promising for sustainable water purification due to their sub-nanometer interlayer channels, which provide ultrafast water transport and high salt rejection. However, they generally exhibit limited structural stability in aqueous media, leading to increased interlayer spacing and reduced salt rejection. Here, the polysaccharide chitosan (CH) is introduced into the GO galleries through a one-pot pressure-assisted self-assembly method to stabilize the GO interlayer spacing at a specific distance. Furthermore, CH, as a positively charged polysaccharide, confers the membrane with local positive charges. These, in combination with the inherent negative charges on the GO surface, result in GO-based membranes possessing simultaneous size-sieving, cation recognition, and anion exclusion capability. The ratio of CH: GO was found as a key parameter, controlling the interlayer spacing, nanochannel total charge density, and cation charge density along the channel. The results showed that the membrane containing 0.02&#xa0;mg/cm<sup>2</sup> GO and 0.15&#xa0;mg/cm<sup>2</sup> CH exhibited superior rejection for MgSO<sub>4</sub>, NaCl, and MgCl<sub>2</sub>, alongside the highest water permeability due to the optimal interplay of size sieving, ion exclusion, and cation recognition mechanisms. The strong interactions between GO layers and CH chains via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions significantly improved the structural stability of the membranes in various harsh environments. This work provides a new insight for designing sustainable GO-based membranes with both high ionic separation performance and water permeability through simultaneously utilizing size-sieving, ion exclusion, and cation recognition mechanisms.</p>

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High-performance graphene oxide desalination membranes enabled by size-sieving, ion exclusion, and cation recognition mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Elahe Bashiri,
  • Mehrdad Manteghian,
  • Alireza Sharif,
  • Arezou Jafari

摘要

Graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes are promising for sustainable water purification due to their sub-nanometer interlayer channels, which provide ultrafast water transport and high salt rejection. However, they generally exhibit limited structural stability in aqueous media, leading to increased interlayer spacing and reduced salt rejection. Here, the polysaccharide chitosan (CH) is introduced into the GO galleries through a one-pot pressure-assisted self-assembly method to stabilize the GO interlayer spacing at a specific distance. Furthermore, CH, as a positively charged polysaccharide, confers the membrane with local positive charges. These, in combination with the inherent negative charges on the GO surface, result in GO-based membranes possessing simultaneous size-sieving, cation recognition, and anion exclusion capability. The ratio of CH: GO was found as a key parameter, controlling the interlayer spacing, nanochannel total charge density, and cation charge density along the channel. The results showed that the membrane containing 0.02 mg/cm2 GO and 0.15 mg/cm2 CH exhibited superior rejection for MgSO4, NaCl, and MgCl2, alongside the highest water permeability due to the optimal interplay of size sieving, ion exclusion, and cation recognition mechanisms. The strong interactions between GO layers and CH chains via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions significantly improved the structural stability of the membranes in various harsh environments. This work provides a new insight for designing sustainable GO-based membranes with both high ionic separation performance and water permeability through simultaneously utilizing size-sieving, ion exclusion, and cation recognition mechanisms.