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<p>Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for more effective and safer therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the potential of green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with pheophorbide-a (Pheo-a) to enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy against A549 lung cancer cells. The AuNPs-Pheo-a nanoconjugate demonstrated excellent physicochemical stability, minimal dark toxicity, and pronounced light-activated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Comprehensive in vitro evaluations revealed significant reductions in cell viability and metabolic activity, accompanied by increased apoptotic cell death following laser irradiation, while negligible effects were observed under dark conditions. Importantly, the nanoconjugate exhibited strong photodynamic selectivity toward cancer cells, underscoring its therapeutic potential. Overall, these findings demonstrate that green-synthesized AuNPs-Pheo-a represent a promising, biocompatible, and sustainable nanoplatform for photodynamic therapy in lung cancer, warranting further preclinical investigation.</p>

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Plant-derived gold nanoparticles functionalized with pheophorbide-a for potent photodynamic therapy against A549 lung cancer cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Mehak Zahra,
  • Heidi Abrahamse,
  • Blassan P. George

摘要

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for more effective and safer therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the potential of green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with pheophorbide-a (Pheo-a) to enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy against A549 lung cancer cells. The AuNPs-Pheo-a nanoconjugate demonstrated excellent physicochemical stability, minimal dark toxicity, and pronounced light-activated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Comprehensive in vitro evaluations revealed significant reductions in cell viability and metabolic activity, accompanied by increased apoptotic cell death following laser irradiation, while negligible effects were observed under dark conditions. Importantly, the nanoconjugate exhibited strong photodynamic selectivity toward cancer cells, underscoring its therapeutic potential. Overall, these findings demonstrate that green-synthesized AuNPs-Pheo-a represent a promising, biocompatible, and sustainable nanoplatform for photodynamic therapy in lung cancer, warranting further preclinical investigation.