<p>As international migration continues to reshape societies worldwide, understanding public attitudes toward immigrants has become a critical issue in both academic and policy contexts. This study introduces and validates the Direct and Indirect Prejudice Scales (DIPSs), a psychometric instrument developed to measure prejudice among receiving society members, with a focus on Japan. Using a two-phase approach, we first conducted focus group interviews to identify direct and indirect expressions of prejudice. Insights from this qualitative phase informed the design of a structured questionnaire, which was administered to 770 Japanese nationals residing in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Factor analyses revealed two dimensions of direct prejudice— socio-economic exclusion and public exclusion—and three dimensions of indirect prejudice—defensive ethnocentrism, demand for assimilation, and minimization of differences. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the scale’s reliability and construct validity. While the scales was developed in a Japanese context, the findings reflect broader global dynamics, where prejudice increasingly manifests not only in overt discrimination but also in subtle, normalized behaviors. The DIPSs offers a robust, data-driven tool for assessing prejudice across cultural contexts and contributes to the growing field of intercultural and migration studies by enabling cross-national comparisons and informing inclusive policy design.</p>