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<p>The rice–crayfish co-culture system (RCS) has emerged as a cornerstone of China’s aquaculture sector, yet its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profile remains contested. While the co-cropping field zone (RCS-Field) demonstrates considerable mitigation potential, the continuously flooded crayfish-trench zone (RCS-Trench) releases substantial methane that can offset the benefits from the field. To address this challenge, we integrated multi-source field data from rice monoculture (RM) and RCS systems across the Middle–Lower Yangtze Plain and calibrated the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model to simulate system-level GHG emissions. Using recalculated cumulative CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions as well as the rice yield, we developed a multi-objective optimization framework for determining the trench area proportions. Results showed that CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from RCS-Trench were more than threefold higher than those from RCS-Field, whereas RCS-Field emissions were significantly lower than RM. By contrast, N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were lowest in RCS-Trench, falling below both RM and RCS-Field. The global warming potential (GWP) was highest in RCS, followed by RCS-Trench and RM, and lowest in RCS-Field. When integrating rice yield, crayfish production, and GWP, the optimal crayfish-trench proportion was identified as 7.5%–9.0%. These findings provide the first quantitative evidence that regulating trench area can simultaneously mitigate methane emissions, safeguard grain security, and enhance economic returns, thereby offering scientific support for sustainable rice–aquatic co-culture development and contributing to China’s “Dual Carbon” strategy.</p>

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Optimizing the trench area proportion in rice crayfish co-culture systems balances greenhouse gas mitigation and productivity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Zheng Xu,
  • Xia Gao-Qi,
  • Peng-Yu Zhao,
  • Shu-Yun Yang,
  • Feng-Wen Wang,
  • Zhi-Qing Cheng,
  • Shu-Yun Yang

摘要

The rice–crayfish co-culture system (RCS) has emerged as a cornerstone of China’s aquaculture sector, yet its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profile remains contested. While the co-cropping field zone (RCS-Field) demonstrates considerable mitigation potential, the continuously flooded crayfish-trench zone (RCS-Trench) releases substantial methane that can offset the benefits from the field. To address this challenge, we integrated multi-source field data from rice monoculture (RM) and RCS systems across the Middle–Lower Yangtze Plain and calibrated the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model to simulate system-level GHG emissions. Using recalculated cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions as well as the rice yield, we developed a multi-objective optimization framework for determining the trench area proportions. Results showed that CH4 emissions from RCS-Trench were more than threefold higher than those from RCS-Field, whereas RCS-Field emissions were significantly lower than RM. By contrast, N2O emissions were lowest in RCS-Trench, falling below both RM and RCS-Field. The global warming potential (GWP) was highest in RCS, followed by RCS-Trench and RM, and lowest in RCS-Field. When integrating rice yield, crayfish production, and GWP, the optimal crayfish-trench proportion was identified as 7.5%–9.0%. These findings provide the first quantitative evidence that regulating trench area can simultaneously mitigate methane emissions, safeguard grain security, and enhance economic returns, thereby offering scientific support for sustainable rice–aquatic co-culture development and contributing to China’s “Dual Carbon” strategy.