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<p>Thermal insulation plays a crucial role in improving energy efficiency in buildings, particularly in regions with high residential and industrial energy demand. However, conventional petrochemical-based insulation materials raise significant environmental concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable and renewable alternatives. In this study, bio-based composite insulation materials were developed using locally available agricultural residues—stubble, sunflower stalks, corn cobs, corn stalks, and olive pits—incorporated into a vermiculite–epoxy resin matrix. The developed composites exhibited low thermal conductivity values of approximately 0.041&#xa0;W/mK, comparable to that of expanded polystyrene, while demonstrating enhanced fire resistance due to the presence of vermiculite. Life cycle assessment and experimentally based CO₂ savings analyses revealed substantial reductions in both embodied and operational carbon emissions. The utilization of agricultural waste not only prevents open-field burning but also reduces environmental impacts and supports local economies. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed that the type of agricultural residue significantly influences the thermal and mechanical performance of the composites. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed bio-based composites provide a balanced combination of thermal, mechanical, and fire-resistant properties, offering a sustainable, cost-effective, and regionally adaptable solution for energy-efficient building insulation, particularly in climatic conditions similar to those of Kahramanmaras, Turkey.</p>

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Thermal insulation performance and environmental assessment of vermiculite and agricultural residue based composites for the Kahramanmaras climate

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Mustafa Eken,
  • Ayşenur Gürgen,
  • Aytaç Dinçer

摘要

Thermal insulation plays a crucial role in improving energy efficiency in buildings, particularly in regions with high residential and industrial energy demand. However, conventional petrochemical-based insulation materials raise significant environmental concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable and renewable alternatives. In this study, bio-based composite insulation materials were developed using locally available agricultural residues—stubble, sunflower stalks, corn cobs, corn stalks, and olive pits—incorporated into a vermiculite–epoxy resin matrix. The developed composites exhibited low thermal conductivity values of approximately 0.041 W/mK, comparable to that of expanded polystyrene, while demonstrating enhanced fire resistance due to the presence of vermiculite. Life cycle assessment and experimentally based CO₂ savings analyses revealed substantial reductions in both embodied and operational carbon emissions. The utilization of agricultural waste not only prevents open-field burning but also reduces environmental impacts and supports local economies. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed that the type of agricultural residue significantly influences the thermal and mechanical performance of the composites. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed bio-based composites provide a balanced combination of thermal, mechanical, and fire-resistant properties, offering a sustainable, cost-effective, and regionally adaptable solution for energy-efficient building insulation, particularly in climatic conditions similar to those of Kahramanmaras, Turkey.