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<p>In this study, for the first time, Zn nanoparticles were created using the root peel of <i>Beta vulgaris</i> by a green method. Synthesized Zn nanoparticles have been characterized via UV–Vis spectroscopy, Zeta potential analysis, XRD, FTIR, TEM, and FESEM-EDX techniques. The synthesis of zinc-based nanoparticles was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. UV-Vis analysis presented a broad absorption peak in the UV region, centered around 300&#xa0;nm. Furthermore, a zeta potential of − 21.6 mV characterized the particles’ negative surface charge and suggested moderate colloidal stability. The XRD pattern of Zn nanoparticles revealed crystalline structures, and FESEM and TEM images of Zn nanoparticles displayed a star-shaped morphology. The photocatalytic activity of NPs for the color degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes has been investigated under UV light, and the results show 97% and 98% degradation, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the Zn nanoparticles was evaluated at a concentration of 1&#xa0;mg/mL against the gram-positive bacterium <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 1112 and clinical isolates), <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (ATCC and clinical isolates), and gram-negative bacterium <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC and clinical isolates) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PAO1 and S7). The cytotoxic effects of Zn nanoparticles were assessed over a concentration range of 7 to 500&#xa0;µg/mL on both normal L929 fibroblast cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. After 24&#xa0;h of incubation, the IC₅₀ value for the MCF-7 cell line was determined to be 284&#xa0;µg/mL, while no significant cytotoxicity was observed on L929 cells. To our understanding, this is the initial report synthesizing star-shaped Zn nanoparticles utilizing <i>B. vulgaris</i> root peel as an eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent, highlighting their potential for environmental and biomedical applications.</p>

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Eco-friendly synthesis of star-shaped Zn nanoparticles using Beta vulgaris peel extract and evaluation of their antibacterial, photocatalytic, and cytotoxic activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Faeghe Sadat Mousavi Khatat,
  • Zahra Sabouri,
  • Majid Darroudi

摘要

In this study, for the first time, Zn nanoparticles were created using the root peel of Beta vulgaris by a green method. Synthesized Zn nanoparticles have been characterized via UV–Vis spectroscopy, Zeta potential analysis, XRD, FTIR, TEM, and FESEM-EDX techniques. The synthesis of zinc-based nanoparticles was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. UV-Vis analysis presented a broad absorption peak in the UV region, centered around 300 nm. Furthermore, a zeta potential of − 21.6 mV characterized the particles’ negative surface charge and suggested moderate colloidal stability. The XRD pattern of Zn nanoparticles revealed crystalline structures, and FESEM and TEM images of Zn nanoparticles displayed a star-shaped morphology. The photocatalytic activity of NPs for the color degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes has been investigated under UV light, and the results show 97% and 98% degradation, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the Zn nanoparticles was evaluated at a concentration of 1 mg/mL against the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 1112 and clinical isolates), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC and clinical isolates), and gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (ATCC and clinical isolates) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1 and S7). The cytotoxic effects of Zn nanoparticles were assessed over a concentration range of 7 to 500 µg/mL on both normal L929 fibroblast cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. After 24 h of incubation, the IC₅₀ value for the MCF-7 cell line was determined to be 284 µg/mL, while no significant cytotoxicity was observed on L929 cells. To our understanding, this is the initial report synthesizing star-shaped Zn nanoparticles utilizing B. vulgaris root peel as an eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent, highlighting their potential for environmental and biomedical applications.