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<p>Intrapulmonary shunting, a contributor to hypoxemia in both anesthetized and spontaneously breathing horses, may occur in association with pulmonary disease, general inhalation anesthesia, or systemic inflammation. In human medicine, transthoracic microbubble-enhanced echocardiography is a widely used method to detect intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting, especially in hepatopulmonary syndrome. This study aimed to adapt and evaluate the feasibility of this technique in horses, laying the groundwork for future clinical applications. Twelve healthy horses underwent two treatments: (1) infusion of 25&#xa0;ml and (2) infusion of 60&#xa0;ml of microbubble solution. The solution, prepared with 60&#xa0;ml syringes and a 3-way stopcock, was injected into the left external jugular vein, and echocardiographic recordings were taken during the subsequent cardiac cycles. Microbubble contrast was immediately visualized in the right heart chambers, persisting for 5–9 beats with 25&#xa0;ml and 6.5–12.5 beats with 60&#xa0;ml. The 60&#xa0;ml volume was more effective, offering prolonged visualization for more detailed and reliable assessments. This method shows potential as a minimally invasive diagnostic tool for detecting intrapulmonary shunting in horses in clinical settings.</p>

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Feasibility study of microbubble enhanced echocardiography in normal horses

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Maria Luiza Favero,
  • Paulo Aléscio Canola,
  • Júlia Moslavacz de Sá

摘要

Intrapulmonary shunting, a contributor to hypoxemia in both anesthetized and spontaneously breathing horses, may occur in association with pulmonary disease, general inhalation anesthesia, or systemic inflammation. In human medicine, transthoracic microbubble-enhanced echocardiography is a widely used method to detect intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting, especially in hepatopulmonary syndrome. This study aimed to adapt and evaluate the feasibility of this technique in horses, laying the groundwork for future clinical applications. Twelve healthy horses underwent two treatments: (1) infusion of 25 ml and (2) infusion of 60 ml of microbubble solution. The solution, prepared with 60 ml syringes and a 3-way stopcock, was injected into the left external jugular vein, and echocardiographic recordings were taken during the subsequent cardiac cycles. Microbubble contrast was immediately visualized in the right heart chambers, persisting for 5–9 beats with 25 ml and 6.5–12.5 beats with 60 ml. The 60 ml volume was more effective, offering prolonged visualization for more detailed and reliable assessments. This method shows potential as a minimally invasive diagnostic tool for detecting intrapulmonary shunting in horses in clinical settings.