<p>This study utilizes panel data from 30 provinces in China spanning the period 2012 to 2022 to investigate the impact of manufacturing green transformation on public health. The findings reveal that: (1) Manufacturing greening significantly enhances public health levels and is associated with a notable reduction in population mortality rates. (2) Increased public environmental awareness and industrial structure upgrading serve as the primary mechanisms through which manufacturing greening improves public health. (3) Threshold regression analysis demonstrates that the positive effect of manufacturing green transformation on public health is significant only when the level of digitalization within the manufacturing sector exceeds a critical threshold of 0.343; below this threshold, the impact is statistically insignificant. Based on these findings, this study proposes policy recommendations in four areas: deepening green-digital integration, accelerating industrial restructuring, strengthening public participation, and implementing regionally differentiated policies.</p>