<p>Blockchain technology’s potential to enhance efficiency, security, and transparency has attracted a lot of attention to its integration into vaccination supply chain management in recent years. This work presents a comprehensive study on leveraging self-sovereign identity, blockchain, and privacy-preserving techniques to optimize vaccine distribution. We conduct a comparative analysis of existing blockchain-based frameworks, evaluating their effectiveness in addressing key challenges such as traceability, counterfeit prevention, and data privacy. The empirical results prove the efficacy of the proposed supply chain framework. Additionally, we identify and discuss critical challenges current systems face, including scalability issues, interoperability constraints, and privacy concerns. Our findings provide a robust foundation for future research and development in the field, proposing potential improvements and strategies to overcome the identified challenges.</p>