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<p>Spain reported the highest cumulative incidence of mpox in Europe during the 2022 outbreak, which disproportionately affected people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-negative individuals using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study to analyze epidemiological, clinical, and disease progression characteristics of mpox among PLWH, HIV-negative individuals, and PrEP user cases and non-user cases in Spain. Data were collected from June 2022 to January 2023, including 1,158 men aged ≥ 18&#xa0;years; 35.3% were PLWH and 42.7% of HIV-negative individuals were PrEP users. Adjusted OR and the 95% CI were calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. More frequently PLWH than HIV-negative cases were having sex only with men (aOR = 10.92;3.76–31.69), chemsex (aOR = 2.02;1.38–2.97), another type of immunosuppression (aOR = 2.57;1.07–6.21) and non-anogenital and non-oral exanthems (aOR = 1.64;1.23–2.19). More frequent in PLWH compared to PrEP user cases were lower education levels (aOR = 23.21;2.87–187.52), fever (aOR = 1.42;0.98–2.06), non-anogenital and non-oral exanthems (aOR = 2.40;1.67–3.45) and another type of immunosuppression (aOR = 9.32;1.16–75.16) and more frequent in PrEP user cases than in non-PrEP user cases were risk factors related to sexual activity and concurrent sexually transmitted infections. PLWH did not experience more severe mpox than HIV-negative persons. These findings underscore the need for tailored prevention and clinical approaches.</p>

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Mpox in people living with and without HIV, including people on PrEP, during a multistate outbreak in Spain in 2022

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Aina March-Yagüe,
  • Diana Toledo,
  • Asunción Díaz,
  • Pere Godoy,
  • Olaia Pérez-Martínez,
  • Carles Pericas,
  • Alonso Sanchez-Migallon,
  • María Dolores Chirlaque,
  • Jesús Ospina,
  • María Grau,
  • Francisco Roig,
  • Angela Domínguez,
  • Nicola Lorusso,
  • Miguel Mingo,
  • Eduardo Briones,
  • Laura García,
  • Julio Morais,
  • Óscar Pérez,
  • Álvaro Torres,
  • Virginia Álvarez,
  • Saray Martín,
  • María del Carmen Pacheco,
  • Nuria Soldevila,
  • Itziar Martínez,
  • Jacobo Mendioroz,
  • Pilar Ciruela,
  • Ana Martínez,
  • Joan Pau Millet,
  • Cristina Rius,
  • Lesly Acosta,
  • Ana Vázquez,
  • Carla Guerra-Tort,
  • Lucía Martin-Gisbert,
  • Lorena Aroca,
  • Lorena Pérez,
  • Hermelinda Vanaclocha,
  • María Paz Sanchez-Seco,
  • Bernardo Guzmán,
  • María Jose Sierra

摘要

Spain reported the highest cumulative incidence of mpox in Europe during the 2022 outbreak, which disproportionately affected people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-negative individuals using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study to analyze epidemiological, clinical, and disease progression characteristics of mpox among PLWH, HIV-negative individuals, and PrEP user cases and non-user cases in Spain. Data were collected from June 2022 to January 2023, including 1,158 men aged ≥ 18 years; 35.3% were PLWH and 42.7% of HIV-negative individuals were PrEP users. Adjusted OR and the 95% CI were calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. More frequently PLWH than HIV-negative cases were having sex only with men (aOR = 10.92;3.76–31.69), chemsex (aOR = 2.02;1.38–2.97), another type of immunosuppression (aOR = 2.57;1.07–6.21) and non-anogenital and non-oral exanthems (aOR = 1.64;1.23–2.19). More frequent in PLWH compared to PrEP user cases were lower education levels (aOR = 23.21;2.87–187.52), fever (aOR = 1.42;0.98–2.06), non-anogenital and non-oral exanthems (aOR = 2.40;1.67–3.45) and another type of immunosuppression (aOR = 9.32;1.16–75.16) and more frequent in PrEP user cases than in non-PrEP user cases were risk factors related to sexual activity and concurrent sexually transmitted infections. PLWH did not experience more severe mpox than HIV-negative persons. These findings underscore the need for tailored prevention and clinical approaches.