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<p>Human mobility patterns have been the subject of research for many decades. Understanding long-distance trips is critical in our globalized world, for example, to model the spread of diseases. Traditional models generally assume that trip lengths follow a power-law distribution. We analyze over one million long-distance trips using three datasets: two survey-based (from Germany and the U.S.) and one from mobile network data in the U.K. We find that the observed trip length distributions deviate from typical power-law behavior, motivating a new approach. In addition, we examine COVID-19 spreading patterns in Germany and identify mobility dynamics that traditional power-law models fail to capture. To address these limitations, we introduce a model that extends the power-law framework by amplifying long-distance trips – based on the intuition that once a journey exceeds a certain length, the remaining distance is also likely to be substantial. Our experiments underscore the need for advanced models of long-distance travel and demonstrate that distance amplification can enhance the accuracy of conventional models.</p>

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Distance-amplified power-law distributions better characterize human long-distance travel

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月31日

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  • Gregor Bankhamer,
  • Huiran Liu,
  • Souneil Park,
  • Robert Elsässer,
  • Stefan Schmid

摘要

Human mobility patterns have been the subject of research for many decades. Understanding long-distance trips is critical in our globalized world, for example, to model the spread of diseases. Traditional models generally assume that trip lengths follow a power-law distribution. We analyze over one million long-distance trips using three datasets: two survey-based (from Germany and the U.S.) and one from mobile network data in the U.K. We find that the observed trip length distributions deviate from typical power-law behavior, motivating a new approach. In addition, we examine COVID-19 spreading patterns in Germany and identify mobility dynamics that traditional power-law models fail to capture. To address these limitations, we introduce a model that extends the power-law framework by amplifying long-distance trips – based on the intuition that once a journey exceeds a certain length, the remaining distance is also likely to be substantial. Our experiments underscore the need for advanced models of long-distance travel and demonstrate that distance amplification can enhance the accuracy of conventional models.