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<p>The purpose of the study was to investigate novel and green-synthesized ZnO NPs derived from <i>C. cyminum</i> seeds for photocatalytic degradation of the Direct Yellow 86 dye under UV irradiation. The green catalyst cumin-derived Zinc Oxide NPs (GC-C-ZnO NPs) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) determines optimal conditions for DY86 removal, achieving 94% efficiency at pH 11.0, dye concentration of 30 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, catalyst dose of 0.12&#xa0;g L<sup>-1</sup>, and a time of 30&#xa0;min. The predictive model was statistically validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), confirming a high correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> 0.99). Significance was also verified by <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{R}_{adj}^{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 0.99 and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{R}_{prd}^{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 0.98 values. The model and all parameters exhibited exceptional statistical significance (F-value 281.00, P-value &lt; 0.0001). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis confirms diminished peaks at m/z 318.70 after photocatalysis by the GC-C-ZnO NPs. This investigation successfully advanced an efficient, eco-friendly photocatalytic system for enhanced water and wastewater purification. The study demonstrates that GC-C-ZnO NPs provide an efficient and eco-friendly photocatalytic system for the removal of organic dyes from textile wastewater.</p>

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Biosynthesis and photocatalytic performance of Cumin extract-mediated ZnO nanoparticles with mechanistic investigation of degradation pathways

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月25日

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  • Mohammad Mehralian,
  • Amir Mohammad Shahrokhi,
  • Fatemeh Mohammadi,
  • Maryam Khashij,
  • Mehran Yazdandoust,
  • Fatima Saberian

摘要

The purpose of the study was to investigate novel and green-synthesized ZnO NPs derived from C. cyminum seeds for photocatalytic degradation of the Direct Yellow 86 dye under UV irradiation. The green catalyst cumin-derived Zinc Oxide NPs (GC-C-ZnO NPs) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) determines optimal conditions for DY86 removal, achieving 94% efficiency at pH 11.0, dye concentration of 30 mg L-1, catalyst dose of 0.12 g L-1, and a time of 30 min. The predictive model was statistically validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), confirming a high correlation coefficient (R2 0.99). Significance was also verified by \(\:{R}_{adj}^{2}\) 0.99 and \(\:{R}_{prd}^{2}\) 0.98 values. The model and all parameters exhibited exceptional statistical significance (F-value 281.00, P-value < 0.0001). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis confirms diminished peaks at m/z 318.70 after photocatalysis by the GC-C-ZnO NPs. This investigation successfully advanced an efficient, eco-friendly photocatalytic system for enhanced water and wastewater purification. The study demonstrates that GC-C-ZnO NPs provide an efficient and eco-friendly photocatalytic system for the removal of organic dyes from textile wastewater.