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<p>To explore how freeze-thaw action modulates the relationship between particle size and soil shear strength, cohesion (<i>c</i>), internal friction angle (<i>φ</i>), and shear strength (<i>τ</i>) of seven particle size groups (at 4% water content) were measured using a direct shear apparatus. Results show: Particle size significantly influences <i>c</i> dynamics. naturally graded soil and d ≥ 1&#xa0;mm (particle size ≥ 1&#xa0;mm) groups exhibit decreasing <i>c</i> with freeze-thaw cycles, while d &lt; 1&#xa0;mm groups show the opposite trend. Among them, d<sub>5–10</sub> mm groups are least affected, and d &lt; 0.25&#xa0;mm groups are most affected, with <i>c</i> stabilizing after 6–9 cycles. For <i>φ</i>, d ≥ 2&#xa0;mm groups first increase then decrease, whereas d &lt; 2&#xa0;mm groups show the reverse. d &lt; 0.25&#xa0;mm groups retain the highest <i>φ</i> values; after 30 cycles, d<sub>2 –5</sub>&#xa0;mm groups exhibit the largest <i>φ</i> decrease (−&#xa0;4.70%), while d<sub>0.5−1</sub>&#xa0;mm groups show a slight increase (2.17%). Naturally graded soil has the highest <i>τ</i> due to inter-particle synergistic effects, with d<sub>1–2</sub>&#xa0;mm groups leading among single particle size groups. <i>τ</i> correlates positively with cycles for d &lt; 1&#xa0;mm groups but negatively for naturally graded soil and d ≥ 1&#xa0;mm groups. Particle size dominates shear resistance (<i>c</i>:71.78%, <i>φ</i>:45.43%, <i>τ</i>:53.22%), with freeze-thaw cycles as a key secondary factor (18.82%, 11.27%, 20.52%).</p>

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The influence of freeze-thaw action and particle size characteristics on the shear resistance of black soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Rongfei Zhao,
  • Haohao Chang,
  • Jincheng Yu,
  • Donghao Huang,
  • Defeng Yang,
  • Huimin Yang,
  • Lili Zhou

摘要

To explore how freeze-thaw action modulates the relationship between particle size and soil shear strength, cohesion (c), internal friction angle (φ), and shear strength (τ) of seven particle size groups (at 4% water content) were measured using a direct shear apparatus. Results show: Particle size significantly influences c dynamics. naturally graded soil and d ≥ 1 mm (particle size ≥ 1 mm) groups exhibit decreasing c with freeze-thaw cycles, while d < 1 mm groups show the opposite trend. Among them, d5–10 mm groups are least affected, and d < 0.25 mm groups are most affected, with c stabilizing after 6–9 cycles. For φ, d ≥ 2 mm groups first increase then decrease, whereas d < 2 mm groups show the reverse. d < 0.25 mm groups retain the highest φ values; after 30 cycles, d2 –5 mm groups exhibit the largest φ decrease (− 4.70%), while d0.5−1 mm groups show a slight increase (2.17%). Naturally graded soil has the highest τ due to inter-particle synergistic effects, with d1–2 mm groups leading among single particle size groups. τ correlates positively with cycles for d < 1 mm groups but negatively for naturally graded soil and d ≥ 1 mm groups. Particle size dominates shear resistance (c:71.78%, φ:45.43%, τ:53.22%), with freeze-thaw cycles as a key secondary factor (18.82%, 11.27%, 20.52%).