<p>Based on the “double carbon target” environment, from the perspective of supply chain integration, the effect of carbon trading policy on enterprise green technology innovation is worthy of in-depth study. This paper selects the data of listed enterprises from 2011 to 2020 as samples, uses multi-time-point triple difference model and intermediary effect model to study the impact of carbon trading policy on green technology innovation of listed enterprises in China, discusses the intermediary role of supply chain integration, and analyzes the heterogeneity of enterprises. The results show that carbon trading policy has a significant promoting effect on enterprises’ green technology innovation. In terms of heterogeneity, the heterogeneity of enterprise nature, enterprise profitability and enterprise debt is discussed. The research shows that carbon trading policy of state-owned enterprises, enterprises with high profitability and enterprises with high debt has a significant promoting effect on green technology innovation. It has practical guiding significance for promoting the environmental governance efficiency of carbon trading policy and the innovation and development of green technology of enterprises.</p>