Scholarlink

<p>In this longitudinal study of 77 pregnant women, we examined how eye movement density (EMD) measured at 34 to 36 weeks’ gestation related to child development at age 3 years, using two developmental assessment tools. Fetal eye movements were recorded for 60&#xa0;min. Data from 41 children with complete follow-up at age 3 years were analyzed. EMD was calculated as the number of eye movements per minute during periods with eye movement activity, which reflects the active behavioral state considered a precursor to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. At 3 years, development was assessed using the Kinder Infant Development Scale and autism-related traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. Sleep was evaluated with caregiver-completed questionnaires and sleep logs at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years. Higher fetal EMD was associated with greater receptive and expressive language development, whereas lower EMD was linked to higher restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) scores and an increased likelihood of clinically significant RRB. Moreover, lower EMD predicted later bedtimes at age 1 year. These findings suggest that fetal EMD reflects early maturation of neural circuits and may serve as a noninvasive early biomarker for identifying children at risk of developmental and behavioral difficulties.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Association between fetal eye movement density and developmental problems at age 3 years

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

查看全文
  • Yukiyo Shimada,
  • Seiichi Morokuma,
  • Kazushige Nakahara,
  • Akiko Okuno,
  • Kiyoko Kato

摘要

In this longitudinal study of 77 pregnant women, we examined how eye movement density (EMD) measured at 34 to 36 weeks’ gestation related to child development at age 3 years, using two developmental assessment tools. Fetal eye movements were recorded for 60 min. Data from 41 children with complete follow-up at age 3 years were analyzed. EMD was calculated as the number of eye movements per minute during periods with eye movement activity, which reflects the active behavioral state considered a precursor to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. At 3 years, development was assessed using the Kinder Infant Development Scale and autism-related traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. Sleep was evaluated with caregiver-completed questionnaires and sleep logs at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years. Higher fetal EMD was associated with greater receptive and expressive language development, whereas lower EMD was linked to higher restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) scores and an increased likelihood of clinically significant RRB. Moreover, lower EMD predicted later bedtimes at age 1 year. These findings suggest that fetal EMD reflects early maturation of neural circuits and may serve as a noninvasive early biomarker for identifying children at risk of developmental and behavioral difficulties.