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<p>Wastewaters produced by the recycled paper and cardboard sector (RPCE) pose significant environmental risks due to high levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a lack of essential nutrients required for effective biological degradation. In response, this investigation introduces a novel and cost-effective valorization approach: employing nutrient-laden dairy wastewater (DWW) as an eco-friendly source of nitrogen and phosphorus to enhance the bioremediation performance of a fungal consortium comprising <i>Bjerkandera adusta</i> and <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i>. A primary aim of the study was to optimize the RPCE concentration to achieve a balance between contaminant reduction and industrial feasibility. Results showed that although a 25% RPCE concentration achieved the peak decolorization rate, a 50% concentration emerged as the optimal operational condition for industrial scale-up. This strategy enables the processing of larger effluent volumes while maintaining high treatment quality. Under these optimized conditions, the system attained removal rates of 93.7% for COD and 35.5% for color. Moreover, the toxicity of the treated effluent was substantially reduced, evidenced by a 55.4% drop in the phytotoxicity index (PI). The proven effectiveness of this fungal co-treatment method in non-sterile settings underscores its robustness and suitability for straightforward, cost-effective implementation in large-scale industrial systems, thus advancing circular economy principles.</p>

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Dairy wastewater valorization enhances white rot fungi performance in recycled paper effluent treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Hamideh Kamali,
  • Maryam Gholami,
  • Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush,
  • Abbas Ali Jafari nodoushan,
  • Mahin Ghafourzadeh,
  • Sara Jambarsang,
  • Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian

摘要

Wastewaters produced by the recycled paper and cardboard sector (RPCE) pose significant environmental risks due to high levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a lack of essential nutrients required for effective biological degradation. In response, this investigation introduces a novel and cost-effective valorization approach: employing nutrient-laden dairy wastewater (DWW) as an eco-friendly source of nitrogen and phosphorus to enhance the bioremediation performance of a fungal consortium comprising Bjerkandera adusta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. A primary aim of the study was to optimize the RPCE concentration to achieve a balance between contaminant reduction and industrial feasibility. Results showed that although a 25% RPCE concentration achieved the peak decolorization rate, a 50% concentration emerged as the optimal operational condition for industrial scale-up. This strategy enables the processing of larger effluent volumes while maintaining high treatment quality. Under these optimized conditions, the system attained removal rates of 93.7% for COD and 35.5% for color. Moreover, the toxicity of the treated effluent was substantially reduced, evidenced by a 55.4% drop in the phytotoxicity index (PI). The proven effectiveness of this fungal co-treatment method in non-sterile settings underscores its robustness and suitability for straightforward, cost-effective implementation in large-scale industrial systems, thus advancing circular economy principles.