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<p>In Uganda, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on substance and drug use at the national level has not been studied. Our study evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use among Ugandans aged ≥ 15 years based on a large, nationally representative survey. This quasi-experimental study used the Uganda National Household Survey data collected between June 2019 and November 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic as the primary exposure and outcomes as smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use frequency before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, measured on an ordered scale (none, less than daily, and daily). We used propensity score weighting to balance the exposed and unexposed groups, and analyzed the effect of COVID-19 on the outcomes using ordered logistic regression, adjusting for the propensity score weights. Sub-group analysis was conducted based on sex, residence, and age groups. We analyzed data on 34,312 participants (18,270 exposed vs. 16,042 unexposed) aged ≥ 15 years, with 53.8% male and 54.3% aged 25–59 years. Frequency of smoking (weighted proportional odds ratio [pOR] 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.25), alcohol consumption (weighted pOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.26–0.48), and substance use (weighted pOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.29) were significantly lower during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic levels. In sex-stratified analysis, smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use were lower during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. In rural areas, substance use was higher, but smoking and alcohol consumption were lower. In urban settings, the reductions in smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use remained consistent with the pre-pandemic levels. In Uganda, the frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower compared to the pre-pandemic levels. Future studies should examine if the reductions were sustained after the pandemic and whether modified restrictions can reduce alcohol consumption.</p>

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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use in persons aged 15 years and older in Uganda

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月28日

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  • Jonathan Izudi,
  • Esther. M. Nasuuna,
  • Saidi Appeli,
  • Francis Bajunirwe

摘要

In Uganda, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on substance and drug use at the national level has not been studied. Our study evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use among Ugandans aged ≥ 15 years based on a large, nationally representative survey. This quasi-experimental study used the Uganda National Household Survey data collected between June 2019 and November 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic as the primary exposure and outcomes as smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use frequency before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, measured on an ordered scale (none, less than daily, and daily). We used propensity score weighting to balance the exposed and unexposed groups, and analyzed the effect of COVID-19 on the outcomes using ordered logistic regression, adjusting for the propensity score weights. Sub-group analysis was conducted based on sex, residence, and age groups. We analyzed data on 34,312 participants (18,270 exposed vs. 16,042 unexposed) aged ≥ 15 years, with 53.8% male and 54.3% aged 25–59 years. Frequency of smoking (weighted proportional odds ratio [pOR] 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.25), alcohol consumption (weighted pOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.26–0.48), and substance use (weighted pOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.29) were significantly lower during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic levels. In sex-stratified analysis, smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use were lower during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. In rural areas, substance use was higher, but smoking and alcohol consumption were lower. In urban settings, the reductions in smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use remained consistent with the pre-pandemic levels. In Uganda, the frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower compared to the pre-pandemic levels. Future studies should examine if the reductions were sustained after the pandemic and whether modified restrictions can reduce alcohol consumption.