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<p>The use of non-stoichiometric metal oxides as plasmonic materials is an effective way to increase photocatalytic performance. This report shows that WO<sub>3−x</sub> nanocrystals exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption band in the near-infrared (NIR) region and photocatalytic activity in methylene blue (MB) degradation. The LSPR absorption bands of the synthesized WO<sub>3−x</sub> nanocrystals are simulated using the Mie-Gans theory, and their free carrier densities (<i>N</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>) are calculated. The findings show that the calcination process shifts the LSPR peak from 1213 to 1771&#xa0;nm (a remarkable redshift at about 560&#xa0;nm). In addition, the calcination process leads to the values of <i>N</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> as high as 2.03 × 10<sup>22</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>−3</sup>, which is close to that of plasmonic noble metals, and thus the obtained WO<sub>3−x</sub> nanostructures can be considered as quasi-metallic. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of MB by the samples are discussed according to their photoluminescence emission, absorption spectra, predicted LSPR, and energy band diagrams and the main photocatalytic processes are proposed.</p>

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Enhanced photocatalytic performance of non-stoichiometric WO3−x nanocrystals via near-infrared localized surface plasmon resonance

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月26日

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  • Mohsen Zafari,
  • Fatemeh Shariatmadar Tehrani

摘要

The use of non-stoichiometric metal oxides as plasmonic materials is an effective way to increase photocatalytic performance. This report shows that WO3−x nanocrystals exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption band in the near-infrared (NIR) region and photocatalytic activity in methylene blue (MB) degradation. The LSPR absorption bands of the synthesized WO3−x nanocrystals are simulated using the Mie-Gans theory, and their free carrier densities (Ne) are calculated. The findings show that the calcination process shifts the LSPR peak from 1213 to 1771 nm (a remarkable redshift at about 560 nm). In addition, the calcination process leads to the values of Ne as high as 2.03 × 1022 cm−3, which is close to that of plasmonic noble metals, and thus the obtained WO3−x nanostructures can be considered as quasi-metallic. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of MB by the samples are discussed according to their photoluminescence emission, absorption spectra, predicted LSPR, and energy band diagrams and the main photocatalytic processes are proposed.