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<p>Antibodies play a crucial role in protection against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the correlation between binding and functional antibodies is essential to determine whether binding antibody levels can reliably predict neutralizing activity. We assessed antibody responses in 111 individuals vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac and 111 COVID-19 patients in Thailand. Plasma levels of ACE2-blocking antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-Co-V2 variants were measured before vaccination and at 14 and 28&#xa0;days after the second dose using a multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test. Anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were quantified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and anti-RBD IgG by ELISA. After vaccination, blocking, anti-spike, and IgG antibody levels increased but declined rapidly within a month, whereas antibody levels in COVID-19 patients increased and persisted. Blocking and anti-spike antibody correlated at day 14 post-vaccination but not at day 28. In COVID-19 patients, correlations were moderate at day 14, and stronger at day 28. Correlations were weaker for Omicron subvariants than for the ancestral strain and non-Omicron variants. The weak correlation between blocking and anti-RBD IgG suggests binding antibodies might not predict neutralizing activity. These findings highlight the temporal nature of CoronaVac-induced immunity and the need for booster doses and variant-adapted vaccine.</p>

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Temporal correlations between RBD-ACE2 blocking and binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals and their persistence in COVID-19 patients

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月6日

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  • Prapassorn Poolchanuan,
  • Wasin Matsee,
  • Adul Dulsuk,
  • Rungnapa Phunpang,
  • Chakkaphan Runcharoen,
  • Thitiya Boonprakob,
  • Onura Hemtong,
  • Suchada Chowplijit,
  • Vachara Chuapaknam,
  • Tanaya Siripoon,
  • Phimphan Pisutsan,
  • Watcharapong Piyaphanee,
  • Wathusiri Khongsiri,
  • Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat,
  • Le Van Tan,
  • Susanna Dunachie,
  • Chee Wah Tan,
  • Lin-Fa Wang,
  • Wasun Chantratita,
  • Viravarn Luvira,
  • Narisara Chantratita,
  • Nguyen To Anh,
  • Nguyen Thi Thu Hong,
  • Truong Hoang Chau Truc,
  • Nguyen Thi Han Ny,
  • Do Duong Kim Han,
  • Le Kim Thanh,
  • Lam Anh Nguyet,
  • Cao Thu Thuy,
  • Le Nguyen Truc Nhu,
  • Tran Tan Thanh,
  • Nguyen To Anh,
  • Lam Minh Yen,
  • Vu Thi Ty Hang,
  • Pham Tieu Kieu,
  • Vo Tan Hoang,
  • Nguyen Thi Thao,
  • Mary Chambers,
  • Vu Duy Thanh,
  • Tran Chieu Hoang,
  • C. Louise Thwaites,
  • Guy Thwaites,
  • H. Rogier van Doorn,
  • Trinh Son Tung,
  • Guy Thwaites,
  • Raph L. Hamers,
  • Anuraj Shankar,
  • Juthathip Mongkolsapaya,
  • Gavin Screaton,
  • Aiete Dijokaite-Guraliuc,
  • Raksha Das,
  • Chang Liu,
  • Piyada Supasa,
  • Muneeswaran Selvaraj,
  • Susanna J. Dunachie,
  • Paul Klenerman,
  • E. Yvonne Jones,
  • David I. Stuart,
  • Barbara Kronsteiner-Dobramysl,
  • Martha Zewdie,
  • Priyanka Abraham,
  • Jennifer Hill,
  • Wang Lin-Fa,
  • Wee Chee Yap,
  • Beng Lee Lim,
  • Suwarti,
  • Yanie Tayipto,
  • Eva Simarmata,
  • Ragil Dien,
  • Wanwisa Dejnirattisai,
  • Warangkana Chantima,
  • Apirak Junpirom,
  • Vichapon Tiacharoen,
  • Sophon Iamsirithaworn,
  • Nicholas P.J. Day,
  • Phaik Yeong Cheah,
  • Tassawan Poomchaichote,
  • Kanpong Boonthaworn,
  • Nghiem My Ngoc,
  • Alba Grifoni,
  • Alessandro Sette

摘要

Antibodies play a crucial role in protection against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the correlation between binding and functional antibodies is essential to determine whether binding antibody levels can reliably predict neutralizing activity. We assessed antibody responses in 111 individuals vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac and 111 COVID-19 patients in Thailand. Plasma levels of ACE2-blocking antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-Co-V2 variants were measured before vaccination and at 14 and 28 days after the second dose using a multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test. Anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were quantified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and anti-RBD IgG by ELISA. After vaccination, blocking, anti-spike, and IgG antibody levels increased but declined rapidly within a month, whereas antibody levels in COVID-19 patients increased and persisted. Blocking and anti-spike antibody correlated at day 14 post-vaccination but not at day 28. In COVID-19 patients, correlations were moderate at day 14, and stronger at day 28. Correlations were weaker for Omicron subvariants than for the ancestral strain and non-Omicron variants. The weak correlation between blocking and anti-RBD IgG suggests binding antibodies might not predict neutralizing activity. These findings highlight the temporal nature of CoronaVac-induced immunity and the need for booster doses and variant-adapted vaccine.