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<p>Air embolism caused by undetected air bubbles in intravenous (IV) lines poses a critical risk in medical treatments, necessitating accurate and reliable detection systems. This study addresses this challenge by developing a novel metamaterial-based sensor for real-time monitoring of air bubbles in IV channels. The sensor employs a Single Negative Complementary Split Square Resonator (CSSR) coupled with a polymer-based microfluidic channel (PMC) to detect dielectric changes caused by air bubbles in flowing saline. Unlike traditional optical or ultrasonic methods, the proposed sensor offers a compact, cost-effective, and fabrication-friendly solution while maintaining high sensitivity of 78% and precision. Experimental validation demonstrated its capability to detect even small air bubbles, with resonant frequency shifts observed between 6.6&#xa0;GHz and 6.9&#xa0;GHz. This innovation provides a robust tool for enhancing patient safety by preventing air embolisms, with potential applications in broader biomedical sensing scenarios. By addressing a critical medical need through advanced metamaterial technology, this work contributes significantly to both healthcare monitoring and sensor design.</p>

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Coupled split square resonator based metamaterial sensor for realtime monitoring of air bubbles in IV channels

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月18日

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  • Musa Ahmad,
  • Mohammad Tariqul Islam,
  • Touhidul Alam,
  • Saleh Albadran,
  • Ahmed Alzamil,
  • Ahmed S. Alshammari,
  • Haitham Alsaif,
  • Mohamed S. Soliman,
  • Md. Shabiul Islam

摘要

Air embolism caused by undetected air bubbles in intravenous (IV) lines poses a critical risk in medical treatments, necessitating accurate and reliable detection systems. This study addresses this challenge by developing a novel metamaterial-based sensor for real-time monitoring of air bubbles in IV channels. The sensor employs a Single Negative Complementary Split Square Resonator (CSSR) coupled with a polymer-based microfluidic channel (PMC) to detect dielectric changes caused by air bubbles in flowing saline. Unlike traditional optical or ultrasonic methods, the proposed sensor offers a compact, cost-effective, and fabrication-friendly solution while maintaining high sensitivity of 78% and precision. Experimental validation demonstrated its capability to detect even small air bubbles, with resonant frequency shifts observed between 6.6 GHz and 6.9 GHz. This innovation provides a robust tool for enhancing patient safety by preventing air embolisms, with potential applications in broader biomedical sensing scenarios. By addressing a critical medical need through advanced metamaterial technology, this work contributes significantly to both healthcare monitoring and sensor design.