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<p>In this study, we demonstrate the possibility to protect, with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a critical infrastructure as the fiber-based one used for time and frequency (TF) dissemination service. The proposed technique allows to disseminate secure and precise TF signals between two fiber-optic-connected locations, on a critical infrastructure, using both QKD and White Rabbit technique. This secure exchange enables the secret sharing of time information between two parties, allowing the synchronization of distant clocks with a stability of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_97480_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(10^{-10}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at 1 s, traceable to the Italian time scale. When encrypted, the time signals provide no useful information to a third party regarding the synchronization status, resulting in a time stability degraded by two orders of magnitude.</p>

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QKD protected fiber-based infrastructure for time dissemination

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月18日

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  • Alice Meda,
  • Alberto Mura,
  • Salvatore Virzì,
  • Alessio Avella,
  • Filippo Levi,
  • Ivo Pietro Degiovanni,
  • Andrea Geraldi,
  • Mauro Valeri,
  • Silvia Di Bartolo,
  • Tommaso Catuogno,
  • Mattia Verducci,
  • Marco Genovese,
  • Davide Calonico

摘要

In this study, we demonstrate the possibility to protect, with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a critical infrastructure as the fiber-based one used for time and frequency (TF) dissemination service. The proposed technique allows to disseminate secure and precise TF signals between two fiber-optic-connected locations, on a critical infrastructure, using both QKD and White Rabbit technique. This secure exchange enables the secret sharing of time information between two parties, allowing the synchronization of distant clocks with a stability of \(10^{-10}\) at 1 s, traceable to the Italian time scale. When encrypted, the time signals provide no useful information to a third party regarding the synchronization status, resulting in a time stability degraded by two orders of magnitude.