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<p>The impact of COVID-19 vaccines on real-world transmission remains poorly understood and represents a key public health challenge. This study aimed to investigate natural, vaccine-induced immunity and the probability of experiencing SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of families living in Rio de Janeiro. The participants were categorized into immune groups based on recent infection (within the past 9 months) and vaccination status, considering the type of vaccine received, the number of doses, and the strength of their immune response over time. We estimated the transmission probability within clusters using a multivariate model. From May 2020 to June 2023, we enrolled 669 individuals from 182 households; 272 clusters and 288 index cases were identified. Household transmission occurred in 124 (45.6%) clusters. During the pre-VoC period we did not find any factors associated with transmission. In the Gamma/Delta period, previous infections reduced the probability of transmission (OR = 0.088; 95%CI 0.023–0.341), while in the Omicron period, having a healthcare worker in the household (OR = 0.486; 95%CI 0.256–0.921) and hybrid immunity (OR = 0.095; 95%CI 0.010–0.924) decreased the probability of transmission. Our findings provide strong support for the protective effect of regular vaccination against household transmission in a cohort of families exposed to successive SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p>

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Natural, vaccine-induced immunity and the probability of experiencing SARS-CoV-2 infection in a household cohort in Rio de Janeiro

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月17日

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  • Michele F. B. da Silva,
  • Lusiele Guaraldo,
  • Leonardo Soares Bastos,
  • Heloisa F. P. Santos,
  • Otávio M. Espíndola,
  • Paola Cristina Resende,
  • Stephanie L. S. Penetra,
  • Anielle Pina-Costa,
  • Isabella C. V. de Moraes,
  • Guilherme A. Calvet,
  • Trevon L. Fuller,
  • Marilda M. Siqueira,
  • Marilia Sá Carvalho,
  • Patricia Brasil

摘要

The impact of COVID-19 vaccines on real-world transmission remains poorly understood and represents a key public health challenge. This study aimed to investigate natural, vaccine-induced immunity and the probability of experiencing SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of families living in Rio de Janeiro. The participants were categorized into immune groups based on recent infection (within the past 9 months) and vaccination status, considering the type of vaccine received, the number of doses, and the strength of their immune response over time. We estimated the transmission probability within clusters using a multivariate model. From May 2020 to June 2023, we enrolled 669 individuals from 182 households; 272 clusters and 288 index cases were identified. Household transmission occurred in 124 (45.6%) clusters. During the pre-VoC period we did not find any factors associated with transmission. In the Gamma/Delta period, previous infections reduced the probability of transmission (OR = 0.088; 95%CI 0.023–0.341), while in the Omicron period, having a healthcare worker in the household (OR = 0.486; 95%CI 0.256–0.921) and hybrid immunity (OR = 0.095; 95%CI 0.010–0.924) decreased the probability of transmission. Our findings provide strong support for the protective effect of regular vaccination against household transmission in a cohort of families exposed to successive SARS-CoV-2 variants.