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<p> <?tk 2?>The relationship between sleep duration and frailty remains unclear, particularly regarding their bidirectional nature and temporal dynamics in the Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association, developmental trajectories, and interactions between sleep duration and frailty in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which included 12,942 participants for cross-sectional analysis and 11,192 participants for the longitudinal trajectory study. Latent growth models and cross-lagged panel models were utilized to explore the temporal effects of sleep duration on frailty and vice versa. Participants’ mean age was 59.29 ± 9.48 years, comprising 47.73% men and 52.27% women. Cross-sectional analysis revealed that, compared with participants with normal sleep duration (6–8&#xa0;h), both Q1 (≤ 5&#xa0;h, OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.64–2.41, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and Q4 (&gt; 8&#xa0;h, OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.12–2.02, <i>P</i> = 0.01) showed increased risks of frailty. The parallel latent growth model demonstrated that the initial level of sleep duration significantly negatively predicted the initial level of frailty (β = −&#xa0;0.34, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), while the rate of change in sleep duration negatively predicted the rate of change in frailty (β = −&#xa0;0.61, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Conversely, the initial level of frailty significantly negatively predicted the initial level of sleep duration (β = −&#xa0;0.36, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and the rate of change in frailty negatively predicted the rate of change in sleep duration (β = −&#xa0;0.71, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Cross-lagged analysis indicated a bidirectional causal association between sleep duration and frailty, with the negative predictive effect of frailty on sleep duration being relatively stable, while sleep duration had a short-term effect on frailty. Our study revealed a U-shaped correlation between sleep duration and frailty risk in cross-sectional analysis and established a bidirectional relationship through longitudinal investigation. These findings underscore the importance of balanced sleep patterns and early screening for both conditions in middle-aged and older adults.</p>

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Cross-sectional and longitudinal trajectory analyses of sleep duration and frailty among middle-aged and older Chinese adults

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月15日

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  • Wei Zheng,
  • Yan Sun,
  • Xianling Liu,
  • Miao Lu,
  • Di Xu

摘要

The relationship between sleep duration and frailty remains unclear, particularly regarding their bidirectional nature and temporal dynamics in the Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association, developmental trajectories, and interactions between sleep duration and frailty in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which included 12,942 participants for cross-sectional analysis and 11,192 participants for the longitudinal trajectory study. Latent growth models and cross-lagged panel models were utilized to explore the temporal effects of sleep duration on frailty and vice versa. Participants’ mean age was 59.29 ± 9.48 years, comprising 47.73% men and 52.27% women. Cross-sectional analysis revealed that, compared with participants with normal sleep duration (6–8 h), both Q1 (≤ 5 h, OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.64–2.41, P < 0.001) and Q4 (> 8 h, OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.12–2.02, P = 0.01) showed increased risks of frailty. The parallel latent growth model demonstrated that the initial level of sleep duration significantly negatively predicted the initial level of frailty (β = − 0.34, P < 0.001), while the rate of change in sleep duration negatively predicted the rate of change in frailty (β = − 0.61, P < 0.001). Conversely, the initial level of frailty significantly negatively predicted the initial level of sleep duration (β = − 0.36, P < 0.001), and the rate of change in frailty negatively predicted the rate of change in sleep duration (β = − 0.71, P < 0.001). Cross-lagged analysis indicated a bidirectional causal association between sleep duration and frailty, with the negative predictive effect of frailty on sleep duration being relatively stable, while sleep duration had a short-term effect on frailty. Our study revealed a U-shaped correlation between sleep duration and frailty risk in cross-sectional analysis and established a bidirectional relationship through longitudinal investigation. These findings underscore the importance of balanced sleep patterns and early screening for both conditions in middle-aged and older adults.