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<p>Dam safety is critical for protecting downstream lives, property, ecosystems, and socio-economic stability. Investigating dam breach mechanisms and establishing safety warning thresholds hold significant scientific and practical value. This study conducted dam breach model tests under diverse conditions and developed a monitoring and warning system using high-precision inclinometers to elucidate deformation characteristics and failure mechanisms. Experimental results revealed three distinct failure stages: tension cracking, localized soil flow/collapse, and catastrophic collapse/landsliding. Precursor phenomena such as seepage and cracking were observed prior to soil flow failure, suggesting that rapid infiltration line reduction during this phase could mitigate large-scale failures. Tilting deformation of the downstream slope was identified as a viable early warning indicator. An improved tangent angle method subdivided the rapid deformation stage into three substages (early, middle, and late) using thresholds of 45°, 80°, and 85°, respectively, to establish tiered warning criteria. Additionally, a reciprocal velocity method was proposed to predict breach timing by characterizing the relationship between the inverse rate of slope angle change and time, demonstrating effective breach time prediction.</p>

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Innovative approach for experimental investigation and monitoring and warning of the evolutionary patterns of dam body failure in earth dams

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • Yunqian Xu,
  • Tengfei Bao,
  • Shu Zhang,
  • Mingdao Yuan

摘要

Dam safety is critical for protecting downstream lives, property, ecosystems, and socio-economic stability. Investigating dam breach mechanisms and establishing safety warning thresholds hold significant scientific and practical value. This study conducted dam breach model tests under diverse conditions and developed a monitoring and warning system using high-precision inclinometers to elucidate deformation characteristics and failure mechanisms. Experimental results revealed three distinct failure stages: tension cracking, localized soil flow/collapse, and catastrophic collapse/landsliding. Precursor phenomena such as seepage and cracking were observed prior to soil flow failure, suggesting that rapid infiltration line reduction during this phase could mitigate large-scale failures. Tilting deformation of the downstream slope was identified as a viable early warning indicator. An improved tangent angle method subdivided the rapid deformation stage into three substages (early, middle, and late) using thresholds of 45°, 80°, and 85°, respectively, to establish tiered warning criteria. Additionally, a reciprocal velocity method was proposed to predict breach timing by characterizing the relationship between the inverse rate of slope angle change and time, demonstrating effective breach time prediction.