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<p>This study investigated the risk factors for COVID-19 and its impact on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D underwent assessments with the NICE post-COVID questionnaire, DN4 questionnaire, vibration perception threshold (VPT), and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) before and 11.0 ± 8.9 months after developing COVID-19. Of 76 participants with T2D, 35 (46.1%) developed COVID-19, of whom 8 (22.9%) developed severe COVID-19 and 9 (25.7%) developed long-COVID. The development of COVID-19 was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The presence and severity of DPN were not associated with developing COVID-19, severe COVID-19, or long-COVID (<i>P</i> = 0.42–0.94). Women were eight times more likely to develop long-COVID (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and elevated body weight, LDL, and VPT were associated with the development of long-COVID (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05 − 0.01). The long-COVID group exhibited significant changes in triglycerides and LDL&#xa0;(<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05&#xa0;for both) and body weight (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) at follow-up. Their impact on clinical and neuropathy measures was comparable in patients with and without COVID-19 (<i>P</i> = 0.08–0.99). There was a significant reduction in corneal nerve measures (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05-0.0001) in patients with and without COVID-19. A low systolic blood pressure, altered lipids, body weight, higher VPT,&#xa0;and gender may determine the impact of COVID-19 in patients with T2D, but there was no evidence of an impact of COVID-19 on the development or progression of DPN.</p>

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COVID-19 and neuropathy in type 2 diabetes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • Georgios Ponirakis,
  • Ibrahim Al-Janahi,
  • Einas Elgassim,
  • Aisha Al Obaidan,
  • Hoda Gad,
  • Ioannis N. Petropoulos,
  • Adnan Khan,
  • Hadeel B. Zaghloul,
  • Hamda Ali,
  • Mashhood A. Siddique,
  • Fatima F. S. Mohamed,
  • Lina H. M. Ahmed,
  • Youssra Dakroury,
  • Abeer M. M. El Shewehy,
  • Shaikha N. Al-Thani,
  • Farheen Ahmed,
  • Rawan Hussein,
  • Salah Mahmoud,
  • Iuliia Salivon,
  • Moayad Homssi,
  • Nebras H. Hadid,
  • Ateeque Mohamed Ali,
  • Safah Khan,
  • Ziyad R. Mahfoud,
  • Mahmoud A. Zirie,
  • Gulfidan Bitirgen,
  • Yousuf Al-Ansari,
  • Mohammed I. Alhatou,
  • Stephen L. Atkin,
  • Rayaz A. Malik

摘要

This study investigated the risk factors for COVID-19 and its impact on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D underwent assessments with the NICE post-COVID questionnaire, DN4 questionnaire, vibration perception threshold (VPT), and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) before and 11.0 ± 8.9 months after developing COVID-19. Of 76 participants with T2D, 35 (46.1%) developed COVID-19, of whom 8 (22.9%) developed severe COVID-19 and 9 (25.7%) developed long-COVID. The development of COVID-19 was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). The presence and severity of DPN were not associated with developing COVID-19, severe COVID-19, or long-COVID (P = 0.42–0.94). Women were eight times more likely to develop long-COVID (P < 0.05) and elevated body weight, LDL, and VPT were associated with the development of long-COVID (P < 0.05 − 0.01). The long-COVID group exhibited significant changes in triglycerides and LDL (P < 0.05 for both) and body weight (P < 0.01) at follow-up. Their impact on clinical and neuropathy measures was comparable in patients with and without COVID-19 (P = 0.08–0.99). There was a significant reduction in corneal nerve measures (P < 0.05-0.0001) in patients with and without COVID-19. A low systolic blood pressure, altered lipids, body weight, higher VPT, and gender may determine the impact of COVID-19 in patients with T2D, but there was no evidence of an impact of COVID-19 on the development or progression of DPN.