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<p>This study is focused on the synthesis and evaluation of TiO<sub>2</sub> and N-doped Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol as a noxious substance commonly present in the industrial process effluents with harmful effects on human and the environment. The research addresses the critical environmental challenge posed by phenol-contaminated effluents from petrochemical industries. Leveraging Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken design, 17 experiments were conducted to analyze the impact of independent variables such as photo-catalyst dosage, pH, and irradiation time on degradation efficiency. Notably, the average crystallite sizes were determined as 20&#xa0;nm for TiO<sub>2</sub> and 58.3&#xa0;nm for N-doped Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. Energy bandgap assessments show enhanced performance in N-Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> compared to TiO<sub>2</sub> under sunlight. Energy bandgaps of N-Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> were obtained as 2.45 and 2.75&#xa0;eV, respectively. The study emphasizes the impact of initial pH on the photocatalytic degradation process, highlighting the superior performance of N-Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> under neutral conditions. The interfacial charge alteration of N-Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> based on pH plays a pivotal role in dispersion and adsorption dynamics, influencing the photocatalytic removal efficiency significantly. In this study, a significant improvement in photocatalytic degradation of an industrial wastewater containing phenolic compounds, with maximum efficiencies of 99.87%, 99.78% and 99.779 under UV, visible and sunlight was observed, respectively. The optimal conditions for phenol degradation were pH = 7, 1&#xa0;g/L of catalyst, and irradiation time = 30&#xa0;min under low intensity UV (18&#xa0;W), visible light (18&#xa0;W) and sunlight, resulting in 99.823% phenol degradation. The synthesized N-doped Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> showed excellent stability and recyclability for the treatment of phenolic wastewaters. This research not only advances the understanding of Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-based photo-catalysts but also provides a practical, efficient solution for treating phenol-contaminated industrial wastewaters. The findings of this study have significant implications for environmental remediation in the petrochemical sector.</p>

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Photocatalytic performance of N-doped Ti3O5 nano-catalyst for phenolic compounds removal from industrial wastewaters

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月27日

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  • Mehdi Narimani,
  • Maryam Gonbadi,
  • Mahsa Navabi,
  • Fatemeh Khezri-Shooshtari,
  • Amin Ale Ebrahim,
  • Mohammad Mahdi Zerafat

摘要

This study is focused on the synthesis and evaluation of TiO2 and N-doped Ti3O5 for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol as a noxious substance commonly present in the industrial process effluents with harmful effects on human and the environment. The research addresses the critical environmental challenge posed by phenol-contaminated effluents from petrochemical industries. Leveraging Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken design, 17 experiments were conducted to analyze the impact of independent variables such as photo-catalyst dosage, pH, and irradiation time on degradation efficiency. Notably, the average crystallite sizes were determined as 20 nm for TiO2 and 58.3 nm for N-doped Ti3O5. Energy bandgap assessments show enhanced performance in N-Ti3O5 compared to TiO2 under sunlight. Energy bandgaps of N-Ti3O5 and TiO2 were obtained as 2.45 and 2.75 eV, respectively. The study emphasizes the impact of initial pH on the photocatalytic degradation process, highlighting the superior performance of N-Ti3O5 under neutral conditions. The interfacial charge alteration of N-Ti3O5 based on pH plays a pivotal role in dispersion and adsorption dynamics, influencing the photocatalytic removal efficiency significantly. In this study, a significant improvement in photocatalytic degradation of an industrial wastewater containing phenolic compounds, with maximum efficiencies of 99.87%, 99.78% and 99.779 under UV, visible and sunlight was observed, respectively. The optimal conditions for phenol degradation were pH = 7, 1 g/L of catalyst, and irradiation time = 30 min under low intensity UV (18 W), visible light (18 W) and sunlight, resulting in 99.823% phenol degradation. The synthesized N-doped Ti3O5 showed excellent stability and recyclability for the treatment of phenolic wastewaters. This research not only advances the understanding of Ti3O5-based photo-catalysts but also provides a practical, efficient solution for treating phenol-contaminated industrial wastewaters. The findings of this study have significant implications for environmental remediation in the petrochemical sector.