<p>Understanding the self-organized behaviour of particle confinement is critical for density control in magnetically confined thermonuclear fusion devices. This paper investigates the spontaneous evolution of density peaking factor in TEM turbulence-dominated (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="122" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\varvec{k}}}_{{\varvec{\theta}}}{{\varvec{\rho}}}_{{\varvec{s}}}\sim 1.5-2.1\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) H-mode plasma discharge, and the relationship between broadband turbulence (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="114" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{f}}\sim 500-2000\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> kHz) and particle confinement is experimentally reported for the first time. In the plasma core region (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="85" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{\uprho}}\approx 0-0.4\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) with higher pressure gradient and lower collisionality (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="66" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\varvec{v}}}_{{\varvec{e}}{\varvec{f}}{\varvec{f}}}&lt;5\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), TEM turbulence is suppressed by the <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> flow, which causes the increase in density peaking factor and the pressure gradient, while the strengthening of the pressure gradient further enhances the <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> flow. This positive feedback mechanism finally leads to a scenario where particle confinement continuously improves. Additionally, the positive feedback mechanism can induce the n<sub>e</sub>-ITBs with higher auxiliary heating power. In the plasma outer region (<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="97" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{\uprho}}\approx 0.4-0.8\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) with lower pressure gradient, the pressure gradient does not dominate the evolution of poloidal <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> flow, and the positive feedback mechanism does not work. The positive correlation connection between the <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> rotation velocity and TEM turbulence intensity radial gradient suggests that the Reynolds stress may contribute to the increase in poloidal <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_91363_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> flow. These findings can help us understand the self-organized behaviours for particle confinement and expand the methods for controlling plasma density.</p>

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Spontaneous evolution of density peaking factor in TEM turbulence-dominated H-mode plasma on the EAST Tokamak

  • J. S. Geng,
  • P. Li,
  • Y. D. Li,
  • F. Chen,
  • Y. Q. Chu,
  • N. Sun,
  • Y. X. Li,
  • Y. F. He,
  • C. B. Wu,
  • X. H. Wu,
  • Y. X. Sun,
  • Y. C. Hu,
  • D. G. Wu,
  • P. J. Sun,
  • Y. F. Jin,
  • H. L. Zhao,
  • T. Zhang,
  • T. F. Zhou,
  • G. L. Lin,
  • Q. Zang,
  • H. Q. Liu

摘要

Understanding the self-organized behaviour of particle confinement is critical for density control in magnetically confined thermonuclear fusion devices. This paper investigates the spontaneous evolution of density peaking factor in TEM turbulence-dominated ( \({{\varvec{k}}}_{{\varvec{\theta}}}{{\varvec{\rho}}}_{{\varvec{s}}}\sim 1.5-2.1\) ) H-mode plasma discharge, and the relationship between broadband turbulence ( \({\varvec{f}}\sim 500-2000\) kHz) and particle confinement is experimentally reported for the first time. In the plasma core region ( \({\varvec{\uprho}}\approx 0-0.4\) ) with higher pressure gradient and lower collisionality ( \({{\varvec{v}}}_{{\varvec{e}}{\varvec{f}}{\varvec{f}}}<5\) ), TEM turbulence is suppressed by the \({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\) flow, which causes the increase in density peaking factor and the pressure gradient, while the strengthening of the pressure gradient further enhances the \({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\) flow. This positive feedback mechanism finally leads to a scenario where particle confinement continuously improves. Additionally, the positive feedback mechanism can induce the ne-ITBs with higher auxiliary heating power. In the plasma outer region ( \({\varvec{\uprho}}\approx 0.4-0.8\) ) with lower pressure gradient, the pressure gradient does not dominate the evolution of poloidal \({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\) flow, and the positive feedback mechanism does not work. The positive correlation connection between the \({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\) rotation velocity and TEM turbulence intensity radial gradient suggests that the Reynolds stress may contribute to the increase in poloidal \({\varvec{E}}\times {\varvec{B}}\) flow. These findings can help us understand the self-organized behaviours for particle confinement and expand the methods for controlling plasma density.