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<p>In this work, we investigate the anomalous appearance of bright visible light from a toroidal argon plasma generated through extreme hydrodynamic shear. In ambients of nitrogen or helium, the spectral content is easily correlated to the plasma’s color. In an argon ambient however, infrared spectral lines dominate the spectrum, while the plasma appears light blue, nearly white, to the naked eye. We determine that this luminescence is a visible broadband continuum emitted by electrons scattering off neutral argon atoms, a form of radiation called <i>bremsstrahlung</i> radiation (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_88250_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon _{ea}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). Using multispectral imaging, we calculate the temperature, <i>T</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>, of <i>bremsstrahlung</i>-producing electrons spatially throughout the plasma, up to the ionization energy of argon atoms 15.76&#xa0;eV. We further provide a method of calculating electron density, <i>n</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>, from the same data. We find that in both the <i>T</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> and <i>n</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> fields, two distinct phases appear; a small inner ring of high <i>T</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>, low <i>n</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>, and an outer diffusive region with low <i>T</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>, high <i>n</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>. The boundary between these disparate phases is extremely small, less than 10&#xa0;µm, indicating an element of self-confinement intrinsic to this plasma configuration.</p>

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Bremsstrahlung radiation from toroidal plasmas generated through hydrodynamic shear

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月26日

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  • Sean Mendoza,
  • Morteza Gharib

摘要

In this work, we investigate the anomalous appearance of bright visible light from a toroidal argon plasma generated through extreme hydrodynamic shear. In ambients of nitrogen or helium, the spectral content is easily correlated to the plasma’s color. In an argon ambient however, infrared spectral lines dominate the spectrum, while the plasma appears light blue, nearly white, to the naked eye. We determine that this luminescence is a visible broadband continuum emitted by electrons scattering off neutral argon atoms, a form of radiation called bremsstrahlung radiation ( \(\epsilon _{ea}\) ). Using multispectral imaging, we calculate the temperature, Te, of bremsstrahlung-producing electrons spatially throughout the plasma, up to the ionization energy of argon atoms 15.76 eV. We further provide a method of calculating electron density, ne, from the same data. We find that in both the Te and ne fields, two distinct phases appear; a small inner ring of high Te, low ne, and an outer diffusive region with low Te, high ne. The boundary between these disparate phases is extremely small, less than 10 µm, indicating an element of self-confinement intrinsic to this plasma configuration.