<p>Power transmission lines are critical components of a power system that connect power stations to consumers. To maintain reliability and stability of the system, faults should be correctly classified and cleared as soon as possible. In this article, a coherence-based protection scheme for faults detection and classification on transmission lines (TLs) is proposed. Besides, the scheme introduces a new model of tripping characteristics based on six coherence coefficients that are computed only for current waves measured at the TL sending end. The power network under test is simulated using the ATP software, and signals analysis and the performance evaluation of the technique are performed in the MATLAB environment. The protection performance is investigated under different fault conditions, such as fault type, fault location, fault resistance, fault inception angle and power flow angle. The extensive simulation cases have demonstrated that the suggested technique is successful in detecting and classifying all ten shunt faults in the transmission line within a half-cycle time. Moreover, the protection security, sensitivity, and response speed are amended by changing the numerical values of the coherence setting and data window. Furthermore, it is applicable in both conventional and smart grids, and it is independent of the specifications of the system equipment and current transformers.</p>