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<p>The ratio of eccentric-to-concentric force output (E/C ratio) is higher in female compared to male individuals, however, the functional implications for stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) leg power output remains unknown. Thus, in the present study, male and female competitive athletes (<i>n</i> = 178; females: 53%, <i>n</i> = 95) performed maximal leg extensor strength testing to determine the E/C ratio along with an assessment of leg power during SSC countermovement jump (CMJ) testing. A whole-body force–velocity relationship was assessed to determine the maximum leg extensor shortening velocity (V<sub>max</sub>). The E/C ratio was 7% higher in the female group compared to the male group independent of muscular strength (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and a higher E/C ratio was weakly associated with a reduced V<sub>max</sub> in the female group (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.05) but not the male group (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.004). However, greater eccentric force production was associated with a higher E/C ratio independent of sex (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.33). Finally, CMJ propulsive work (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.64) and mechanical power (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.62) were associated with increased leg extensor concentric strength, while CMJ braking power was modestly associated with increased leg extensor eccentric strength (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.05). The present study demonstrates the diversity that may exist in the expression of whole-body muscle mechanics between the sexes, whereas absolute leg extensor strength was the primary determinant of SSC leg power independent of sex.</p>

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Maximal eccentric–concentric strength determines stretch-shortening cycle leg power across biological sexes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Matthew J. Jordan,
  • Zachary J. McClean,
  • Per Aagaard,
  • Kati Pasanen,
  • Heiliane de Brito Fontana,
  • Walter Herzog

摘要

The ratio of eccentric-to-concentric force output (E/C ratio) is higher in female compared to male individuals, however, the functional implications for stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) leg power output remains unknown. Thus, in the present study, male and female competitive athletes (n = 178; females: 53%, n = 95) performed maximal leg extensor strength testing to determine the E/C ratio along with an assessment of leg power during SSC countermovement jump (CMJ) testing. A whole-body force–velocity relationship was assessed to determine the maximum leg extensor shortening velocity (Vmax). The E/C ratio was 7% higher in the female group compared to the male group independent of muscular strength (p < 0.001), and a higher E/C ratio was weakly associated with a reduced Vmax in the female group (R2 = 0.05) but not the male group (R2 = 0.004). However, greater eccentric force production was associated with a higher E/C ratio independent of sex (R2 = 0.33). Finally, CMJ propulsive work (R2 = 0.64) and mechanical power (R2 = 0.62) were associated with increased leg extensor concentric strength, while CMJ braking power was modestly associated with increased leg extensor eccentric strength (R2 = 0.05). The present study demonstrates the diversity that may exist in the expression of whole-body muscle mechanics between the sexes, whereas absolute leg extensor strength was the primary determinant of SSC leg power independent of sex.