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<p>Diabetes mellitus is a global health burden often complicated by Stage 1 Pressure Injury (PI), Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD), amputation, and mental illness. These complications impair quality of life and increase healthcare demands. This study examined the associations among PI, PAOD, amputation, and mental illness in diabetic patients to enhance clinical strategies. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using TriNetX multicenter data from 2014 to 2023. Diabetic patients with or without Stage 1 PI were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 6-month all-cause mortality for PAOD, amputation, and mental illness. Among 7697 diabetic patients, the HR for PAOD rose from 2.74 to 2.90, while mortality decreased slightly. The HR for amputation increased from 2.74 to 4.24, with minimal change in mortality. Mental illness risk slightly decreased (HR from 1.91 to 1.88), with a moderate reduction in mortality. First-degree PI in diabetic patients is associated with higher risks of PAOD and amputation, and slightly lower risk for mental illness. Early screening and prevention for at-risk individuals are essential to reduce complications and improve outcomes.</p>

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Clinical characteristics and associated complications in diabetic patients with Grade 1 stress injury based on a TriNetX Retrospective Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Ya-Huei Chen,
  • Pi-Hua Chang,
  • Mei-Yu Chang,
  • Ay-Line Ke,
  • Shu-Yun Huang,
  • Mei-Rong Weng,
  • I.-Chieh Chen,
  • Jia-Lang Xu

摘要

Diabetes mellitus is a global health burden often complicated by Stage 1 Pressure Injury (PI), Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD), amputation, and mental illness. These complications impair quality of life and increase healthcare demands. This study examined the associations among PI, PAOD, amputation, and mental illness in diabetic patients to enhance clinical strategies. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using TriNetX multicenter data from 2014 to 2023. Diabetic patients with or without Stage 1 PI were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 6-month all-cause mortality for PAOD, amputation, and mental illness. Among 7697 diabetic patients, the HR for PAOD rose from 2.74 to 2.90, while mortality decreased slightly. The HR for amputation increased from 2.74 to 4.24, with minimal change in mortality. Mental illness risk slightly decreased (HR from 1.91 to 1.88), with a moderate reduction in mortality. First-degree PI in diabetic patients is associated with higher risks of PAOD and amputation, and slightly lower risk for mental illness. Early screening and prevention for at-risk individuals are essential to reduce complications and improve outcomes.